相关论文: Hawking's area theorem with a weaker energy condit…

In a seminal work, Hawking showed that natural states for free quantum matter fields on classical spacetimes that solve the spherically symmetric vacuum Einstein equations are KMS states of non-vanishing temperature. Although Hawking's…

Hawking's black hole area theorem provides a geometric realization of the second law of thermodynamics and constrains gravitational processes. In this work we explore a one-parameter extension of this constraint formulated in terms of the…

It is shown that a non-rotating macroscopic black hole with very large horizon area can remain in stable thermal equilibrium with Hawking radiation provided {\it its mass, as a function of horizon area, exceeds its microcanonical entropy,…

The conservation of energy implies that an isolated radiating black hole cannot have an emission spectrum that is precisely thermal. Moreover, the no-hair theorem is only approximately applicable. We consider the implications for the black…

The emergence of Hawking radiation from vacuum fluctuations is analyzed in conventional field theories and their energy content is defined through the Aharonov weak value concept. These fluctuations travel in flat space-time and carry…

We present an observational confirmation of Hawking's black-hole area theorem using the newly released gravitational-wave data from the GWTC-4.0. We analyze the high signal-to-noise ratio binary black hole (BBH) merger GW230814 and measure…

The thermodynamic properties of dark energy-dominated universe in the presence of a black hole are investigated in the general case of a varying equation-of-state-parameter $w(a)$. We show that all the thermodynamics quantities are regular…

The generalized uncertainty relation is expected to be an essential element in a theory of quantum gravity. In this work, we examine its effect on the Hawking radiation of a Schwarzschild black hole formed from collapse by incorporating a…

The formation and semi-classical evaporation of two-dimensional black holes is studied in an exactly solvable model. Above a certain threshold energy flux, collapsing matter forms a singularity inside an apparent horizon. As the black hole…

The assimilation of a quantum (finite size) particle by a Reissner-Nordstr\"om black hole inevitably involves an increase in the black-hole surface area. It is shown that this increase can be minimized if one considers the capture of the…

A key result in four dimensional black hole physics, since the early 1970s, is Hawking's topology theorem asserting that the cross-sections of an "apparent horizon", separating the black hole region from the rest of the spacetime, are…

For a test particle approaching a rapidly rotating black hole we find a range of values of the particle's energy and angular momentum, on the order of 1\% or more of the corresponding values of the hole, such that three conditions are…

We show that "particle production" by gravitational field, especially the Hawking effect, may be treated as some quantum inertial effect, with the energy of Hawking radiation as some vacuum energy shift. This quantum inertial effect is…

We derive the wave equation for a minimally coupled scalar field in the background of a general rotating five-dimensional black hole. It is written in a form that involves two types of thermodynamic variables, defined at the inner and outer…

Black holes are more than just odd-looking curiosities in gravity theory. They uniquely intertwine the basic principles of General Relativity with those of Quantum Theory. Just by demanding that they nevertheless obey acceptable laws of…

Parikh and Wilczek have shown that Hawking radiation's spectrum cannot be strictly thermal. Such a non-strictly thermal character implies that the spectrum is also not strictly continuous and thus generates a natural correspondence between…

By a simple modification of Hawking's well-known topology theorems for black hole horizons, we find lower bounds for the areas of smooth apparent horizons and smooth cross-sections of stationary black hole event horizons of genus $g>1$ in…

We show the existence of a Hawking vector field in a full neighborhood of a local, regular, bifurcate, non-expanding horizon embedded in a smooth Einstein-Maxwell space-time without assuming the underlying space-time is analytic. It extends…

In the framework of tunneling mechanism and employing Bekenstein's general expression for the variation of the black hole area, we determine the area quantum up to a constant. Depending on the value of this constant one can get either…

We argue that the entropy of a black hole is due to the entanglement of matter fields and gravitons across the horizon. While the entanglement entropy of the vacuum is divergent because of UV correlations, we show that low-energy…