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The quark-gluon plasma created in a relativistic heavy-ion collisions possesses a sizable pressure anisotropy in the local rest frame at very early times after the initial nuclear impact and this anisotropy only slowly relaxes as the system…

核理论 · 物理学 2017-03-27 Michael Strickland

In this contributed chapter, I review our current understanding of the applicability of hydrodynamics to modeling the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), focusing on the question of hydrodynamization/thermalization of the QGP and the anisotropic…

核理论 · 物理学 2024-02-16 Michael Strickland

Relativistic hydrodynamics is a powerful tool to simulate the evolution of the quark gluon plasma (QGP) in relativistic heavy ion collisions. Using 10000 initial and final profiles generated from 2+1-d relativistic hydrodynamics VISH2+1…

核理论 · 物理学 2021-07-07 Hengfeng Huang , Bowen Xiao , Ziming Liu , Zeming Wu , Yadong Mu , Huichao Song

I review recent developments in the field of relativistic hydrodynamics and its application to the bulk dynamics in heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy- Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In particular, I…

核理论 · 物理学 2015-05-28 Bjoern Schenke

We present ECHO-QGP, a numerical code for $(3+1)$-dimensional relativistic viscous hydrodynamics designed for the modeling of the space-time evolution of the matter created in high energy nuclear collisions. The code has been built on top…

We introduce a combined macroscopic/microscopic transport approach employing relativistic hydrodynamics for the early, dense, deconfined stage of the reaction and a microscopic non-equilibrium model for the later hadronic stage where the…

核理论 · 物理学 2009-11-06 S. A. Bass , A. Dumitru

We review integrated dynamical approaches to describe heavy ion reaction as a whole at ultrarelativistic energies. Since final observables result from all the history of the reaction, it is important to describe all the stages of the…

核理论 · 物理学 2015-06-04 Tetsufumi Hirano , Pasi Huovinen , Koichi Murase , Yasushi Nara

We discuss a model for the space-time evolution of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions which employs relativistic hydrodynamics within one region of the forward light-cone, and microscopic transport theory (i.e. UrQMD) in the complement.…

核理论 · 物理学 2009-10-31 A. Dumitru , S. A. Bass , M. Bleicher , H. Stöcker , W. Greiner

The physics of heavy-ion collisions is one of the most exciting and challenging directions of science for the last four decades. On the theoretical side one deals with a non-abelian field theory, while on the experimental side today's…

核理论 · 物理学 2025-04-22 Marcus Bleicher , Elena Bratkovskaya

We propose a new scenario characterizing the transition of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) produced in heavy-ion collisions from a highly non-equilibrium state at early times toward a fluid described by hydrodynamics at late times. We develop…

核理论 · 物理学 2021-03-11 Jasmine Brewer , Li Yan , Yi Yin

Fluctuations are one of the main probes of the physics of the new state of hot and dense nuclear matter called the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) which is created in the ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions. In this dissertation we extend and…

核理论 · 物理学 2017-02-07 Aleksas Mazeliauskas

High-energy nuclear collisions exhibit collective flow, which emerges as a dynamical response of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) to the initial state geometry of the collision. Collective flow in heavy-ion collisions is usually described…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2025-04-21 Victor E. Ambrus , Sören Schlichting , Clemens Werthmann

We review the basic concepts of perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and relativistic hydrodynamics, and their applications to hadron production in high energy nuclear collisions. We discuss results from the Relativistic Heavy Ion…

核理论 · 物理学 2015-05-20 Rainer J. Fries , Chiho Nonaka

The quark-gluon plasma behaves as a relativistic viscous fluid in high-energy heavy ion collisions. I develop a causal dissipative hydrodynamic model at finite baryon density for RHIC and LHC to estimate the net baryon rapidity…

核理论 · 物理学 2015-06-12 Akihiko Monnai

Thermalization and collective flow of charm (c) and bottom (b) quarks in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions are evaluated based on elastic parton rescattering in an expanding quark-gluon plasma (QGP). We show that resonant interactions…

核理论 · 物理学 2008-11-26 Hendrik van Hees , Vincenzo Greco , Ralf Rapp

Dynamical models based on relativistic fluid dynamics provide a powerful tool to extract the properties of the strongly-coupled quark-gluon plasma (QGP) produced by ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions. The largest source of uncertainty in…

核理论 · 物理学 2019-04-18 J. Scott Moreland

It is widely believed that the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) might be formed in the current heavy ion collisions. It is also widely recognized that the relativistic hydrodynamics is one of the best tools for describing the process of expansion…

核理论 · 物理学 2017-02-06 Zhi-Jin Jiang , Jia-Qi Hui , Yu Zhang

Relativistic heavy ion collisions generate nuclear-sized droplets of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) that exhibit nearly inviscid hydrodynamic expansion. Smaller collision systems such as p+Au, d+Au, and $^{3}$He+Au at the Relativistic Heavy Ion…

核理论 · 物理学 2020-04-29 M. Byres , S. H. Lim , C. McGinn , J. Ouellette , J. L. Nagle

We study the radial expansion of cylindrical tubes in a hot QGP. These tubes are treated as perturbations in the energy density of the system which is formed in heavy ion collisions at RHIC and LHC. We start from the equations of…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2015-03-19 D. A. Fogaça , F. S. Navarra , L. G. Ferreira Filho

Hydrodynamic attractors are a universal phenomenon of strongly interacting systems that describe the hydrodynamic-like evolution far from local equilibrium. In particular, the rapid hydrodynamization of the Quark-Gluon Plasma is behind the…

量子气体 · 物理学 2026-03-17 Aleksas Mazeliauskas , Tilman Enss