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The observational census of trans-Neptunian objects with semi-major axes greater than ~250 AU exhibits unexpected orbital structure that is most readily attributed to gravitational perturbations induced by a yet-undetected, massive planet.…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2017-11-29 Konstantin Batygin , Alessandro Morbidelli

The longitudes of perihelia and orbital poles of the solar system's dozen or so most remote detected objects are clustered in a manner inconsistent with that of a random sample of uniformly distributed orbits. While small number statistics…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2020-06-10 Matthew S. Clement , Nathan A. Kaib

We study the final architecture of planetary systems that evolve under the combined effects of planet-planet and planetesimal scattering. Using N-body simulations we investigate the dynamics of marginally unstable systems of gas and ice…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2009-07-22 Sean N. Raymond , Philip J. Armitage , Noel Gorelick

We consider the evolution of a system containing a population of massive planets formed rapidly through a fragmentation process occurring on a scale on the order of 100 au and a lower mass planet that assembles in a disc on a much longer…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-07 Caroline Terquem , John C. B. Papaloizou

The distribution of the orbital elements of the known extreme trans-Neptunian objects or ETNOs has been found to be statistically incompatible with that of an unperturbed asteroid population following heliocentric or, better, barycentric…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2016-08-23 C. de la Fuente Marcos , R. de la Fuente Marcos

Observations of clustering among the orbits of the most distant trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) has inspired interest in the possibility of an undiscovered ninth planet lurking in the outskirts of the solar system. Numerical simulations by a…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2018-06-06 Sam Hadden , Gongjie Li , Matthew J. Payne , Matthew J. Holman

The hypothesis that a massive Planet Nine exists in the outer solar system on a distant eccentric orbit was inspired by observations showing that the objects with the most distant eccentric orbits in the Kuiper belt have orbits which are…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2017-08-02 Michael E. Brown

Recently, gas giant planets in nearly circular orbits with large semimajor axes ($a \sim$ 30--1000AU) have been detected by direct imaging. We have investigated orbital evolution in a formation scenario for such planets, based on core…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-23 A. Kikuchi , A. Higuchi , S. Ida

This paper reviews coagulation models for planet formation in the Kuiper Belt, emphasizing links to recent observations of our and other solar systems. At heliocentric distances of 35-50 AU, single annulus and multiannulus planetesimal…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-07 Scott J. Kenyon

Core Accretion, the most widely accepted scenario for planet formation, postulates existence of km-sized solid bodies, called planetesimals, arranged in a razor-thin disc in the earliest phases of planet formation. In the Tidal Downsizing…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-04 Sergei Nayakshin , Seung-Hoon Cha

The Kepler mission has discovered about a dozen circumbinary planetary systems, all containing planets on ~ 1 AU orbits. We place bounds on the locations in the circumbinary protoplanetary disk, where these planets could have formed through…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-08-06 Kedron Silsbee , Roman R. Rafikov

The presence of an unseen `Planet 9' on the outskirts of the Solar system has been invoked to explain the unexpected clustering of the orbits of several Edgeworth--Kuiper Belt Objects. We use $N$-body simulations to investigate the…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2017-11-08 Richard J. Parker , Tim Lichtenberg , Sascha P. Quanz

It is likely that multiple bodies with masses between those of Mars and Earth ("planetary embryos") formed in the outer planetesimal disk of the solar system. Some of these were likely scattered by the giant planets into orbits with…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2018-01-31 Kedron Silsbee , Scott Tremaine

Recent observations have revealed two new classes of planetary orbits. Rossiter- Mclaughlin (RM) measurements have revealed hot Jupiters in high-obliquity orbits. In addition, direct-imaging has discovered giant planets at large (~ 100 AU)…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-05-20 Sourav Chatterjee , Eric B. Ford , Frederic A. Rasio

Recent simulations have shown that the formation of planets in circumbinary configurations (such as those recently discovered by Kepler) is dramatically hindered at the planetesimal accretion stage. The combined action of the binary and the…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-17 Stefano Meschiari

As gas giant planets evolve, they may scatter other planets far from their original orbits to produce hot Jupiters or rogue planets that are not gravitationally bound to any star. Here, we consider planets cast out to large orbital…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-23 Benjamin C. Bromley , Scott J. Kenyon

Detections of planets in eccentric, close (separations of ~20 AU) binary systems such as \alpha Cen or \gamma Cep provide an important test of planet formation theories. Gravitational perturbations from the companion are expected to excite…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2016-08-31 Kedron Silsbee , Roman R. Rafikov

Planetesimal formation likely lasted for millions of years in the solar nebula, and the cold classicals in the Kuiper Belt are suggested to be the direct products of streaming instability. The presence of minor planetary bodies in the outer…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2025-11-18 Tommy Chi Ho Lau , Til Birnstiel , Sebastian Markus Stammler , Joanna Drążkowska

Formation of terrestrial planets by agglomeration of planetesimals in protoplanetary disks sensitively depends on the velocity evolution of planetesimals. We describe a novel semi-analytical approach to the treatment of planetesimal…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2007-05-23 Roman R. Rafikov

In most extrasolar planetary systems, the present orbits of known giant planets admit the existence of stable terrestrial planets. Those same giant planets, however, have typically eccentric orbits that hint at violent early dynamics less…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-10 Dimitri Veras , Philip J. Armitage