相关论文: E$^2$BoWs: An End-to-End Bag-of-Words Model via De…

This paper presents a new framework for visual bag-of-words (BOW) refinement and reduction to overcome the drawbacks associated with the visual BOW model which has been widely used for image classification. Although very influential in the…

This article gives a survey for bag-of-words (BoW) or bag-of-features model in image retrieval system. In recent years, large-scale image retrieval shows significant potential in both industry applications and research problems. As local…

Bag-of-Visual-Words (BoVW) approach has been widely used in the recent years for image classification purposes. However, the limitations regarding optimal feature selection, clustering technique, the lack of spatial organization of the data…

The use of bag of visual words (BOW) model for modelling images based on local invariant features computed at interest point locations has become a standard choice for many computer vision tasks. Visual vocabularies generated from image…

Detection and classification of ships based on their silhouette profiles in natural imagery is an important undertaking in computer science. This problem can be viewed from a variety of perspectives, including security, traffic control, and…

This work proposes a simple instance retrieval pipeline based on encoding the convolutional features of CNN using the bag of words aggregation scheme (BoW). Assigning each local array of activations in a convolutional layer to a visual word…

Currently, the computational complexity limits the training of high resolution gigapixel images using Convolutional Neural Networks. Therefore, such images are divided into patches or tiles. Since, these high resolution patches are encoded…

This work aims to reproduce results from the CVPR 2020 paper by Gidaris et al. Self-supervised learning (SSL) is used to learn feature representations of an image using an unlabeled dataset. This work proposes to use bag-of-words (BoW) deep…

Learning image representations without human supervision is an important and active research field. Several recent approaches have successfully leveraged the idea of making such a representation invariant under different types of…

Visual learning problems such as object classification and action recognition are typically approached using extensions of the popular bag-of-words (BoW) model. Despite its great success, it is unclear what visual features the BoW model is…

Word embedding models learn semantically rich vector representations of words and are widely used to initialize natural processing language (NLP) models. The popular continuous bag-of-words (CBOW) model of word2vec learns a vector embedding…

The objective of this work is to reconstruct an original image from Bag-of-Visual-Words (BoVW). Image reconstruction from features can be a means of identifying the characteristics of features. Additionally, it enables us to generate novel…

In the Bag-of-Words (BoW) model based image retrieval task, the precision of visual matching plays a critical role in improving retrieval performance. Conventionally, local cues of a keypoint are employed. However, such strategy does not…

Many Proper Names (PNs) are Out-Of-Vocabulary (OOV) words for speech recognition systems used to process diachronic audio data. To help recovery of the PNs missed by the system, relevant OOV PNs can be retrieved out of the many OOVs by…

A new class of applications based on visual search engines are emerging, especially on smart-phones that have evolved into powerful tools for processing images and videos. The state-of-the-art algorithms for large visual content recognition…

In this paper we present a novel approach for extracting a Bag-of-Words (BoW) representation based on a Neural Network codebook. The conventional BoW model is based on a dictionary (codebook) built from elementary representations which are…

The Bag--of--Visual--Words (BoVW) is a visual description technique that aims at shortening the semantic gap by partitioning a low--level feature space into regions of the feature space that potentially correspond to visual concepts and by…

We propose a technique to improve the search efficiency of the bag-of-words (BoW) method for image retrieval. We introduce a notion of difficulty for the image matching problems and propose methods that reduce the amount of computations…

Deep biasing (DB) enhances the performance of end-to-end automatic speech recognition (E2E-ASR) models for rare words or contextual phrases using a bias list. However, most existing methods treat bias phrases as sequences of subwords in a…

The standard approach to providing interpretability to deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) consists of visualizing either their feature maps, or the image regions that contribute the most to the prediction. In this paper, we introduce…