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In this paper, we construct neural networks with ReLU, sine and $2^x$ as activation functions. For general continuous $f$ defined on $[0,1]^d$ with continuity modulus $\omega_f(\cdot)$, we construct ReLU-sine-$2^x$ networks that enjoy an…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-08-16 Yuling Jiao , Yanming Lai , Xiliang Lu , Fengru Wang , Jerry Zhijian Yang , Yuanyuan Yang

In the desire to quantify the success of neural networks in deep learning and other applications, there is a great interest in understanding which functions are efficiently approximated by the outputs of neural networks. By now, there…

In a neural network with ReLU activations, the number of piecewise linear regions in the output can grow exponentially with depth. However, this is highly unlikely to happen when the initial parameters are sampled randomly, which therefore…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-17 Max Milkert , David Hyde , Forrest Laine

Let $\Omega = [0,1]^d$ be the unit cube in $\mathbb{R}^d$. We study the problem of how efficiently, in terms of the number of parameters, deep neural networks with the ReLU activation function can approximate functions in the Sobolev spaces…

机器学习 · 统计学 2024-04-09 Jonathan W. Siegel

This article is concerned with the approximation and expressive powers of deep neural networks. This is an active research area currently producing many interesting papers. The results most commonly found in the literature prove that neural…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-05-08 I. Daubechies , R. DeVore , S. Foucart , B. Hanin , G. Petrova

We examine the necessary and sufficient complexity of neural networks to approximate functions from different smoothness spaces under the restriction of encodable network weights. Based on an entropy argument, we start by proving lower…

泛函分析 · 数学 2020-09-21 Ingo Gühring , Mones Raslan

We discuss the expressive power of neural networks which use the non-smooth ReLU activation function $\varrho(x) = \max\{0,x\}$ by analyzing the approximation theoretic properties of such networks. The existing results mainly fall into two…

泛函分析 · 数学 2019-04-10 Felix Voigtlaender , Philipp Petersen

We analyze approximation rates of deep ReLU neural networks for Sobolev-regular functions with respect to weaker Sobolev norms. First, we construct, based on a calculus of ReLU networks, artificial neural networks with ReLU activation…

泛函分析 · 数学 2019-02-22 Ingo Gühring , Gitta Kutyniok , Philipp Petersen

We develop a corrective mechanism for neural network approximation: the total available non-linear units are divided into multiple groups and the first group approximates the function under consideration, the second group approximates the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-06-23 Guy Bresler , Dheeraj Nagaraj

We study the expressivity of deep neural networks. Measuring a network's complexity by its number of connections or by its number of neurons, we consider the class of functions for which the error of best approximation with networks of a…

泛函分析 · 数学 2020-07-20 Rémi Gribonval , Gitta Kutyniok , Morten Nielsen , Felix Voigtlaender

We study the approximation of two-layer compositions $f(x) = g(\phi(x))$ via deep networks with ReLU activation, where $\phi$ is a geometrically intuitive, dimensionality reducing feature map. We focus on two intuitive and practically…

机器学习 · 统计学 2021-04-27 Alexander Cloninger , Timo Klock

We study the approximation capacity of some variation spaces corresponding to shallow ReLU$^k$ neural networks. It is shown that sufficiently smooth functions are contained in these spaces with finite variation norms. For functions with…

机器学习 · 统计学 2024-06-05 Yunfei Yang , Ding-Xuan Zhou

Lipschitz-constrained neural networks have many applications in machine learning. Since designing and training expressive Lipschitz-constrained networks is very challenging, there is a need for improved methods and a better theoretical…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-04-14 Sebastian Neumayer , Alexis Goujon , Pakshal Bohra , Michael Unser

Neural networks are regularly employed in adaptive control of nonlinear systems and related methods of reinforcement learning. A common architecture uses a neural network with a single hidden layer (i.e. a shallow network), in which the…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2024-04-18 Andrew Lamperski , Tyler Lekang

We consider neural networks with rational activation functions. The choice of the nonlinear activation function in deep learning architectures is crucial and heavily impacts the performance of a neural network. We establish optimal bounds…

神经与进化计算 · 计算机科学 2020-10-01 Nicolas Boullé , Yuji Nakatsukasa , Alex Townsend

This paper develops simple feed-forward neural networks that achieve the universal approximation property for all continuous functions with a fixed finite number of neurons. These neural networks are simple because they are designed with a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-10-10 Zuowei Shen , Haizhao Yang , Shijun Zhang

For artificial deep neural networks, we prove expression rates for analytic functions $f:\mathbb{R}^d\to\mathbb{R}$ in the norm of $L^2(\mathbb{R}^d,\gamma_d)$ where $d\in {\mathbb{N}}\cup\{ \infty \}$. Here $\gamma_d$ denotes the Gaussian…

数值分析 · 数学 2021-11-16 Christoph Schwab , Jakob Zech

This paper explores the expressive power of deep neural networks for a diverse range of activation functions. An activation function set $\mathscr{A}$ is defined to encompass the majority of commonly used activation functions, such as…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-28 Shijun Zhang , Jianfeng Lu , Hongkai Zhao

Smooth activation functions are ubiquitous in modern deep learning, yet their theoretical advantages over non-smooth counterparts remain poorly understood. In this work, we study both approximation and statistical properties of neural…

机器学习 · 统计学 2026-03-03 Yuhao Liu , Zilin Wang , Lei Wu , Shaobo Zhang

When studying the expressive power of neural networks, a main challenge is to understand how the size and depth of the network affect its ability to approximate real functions. However, not all functions are interesting from a practical…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-06-30 Gal Vardi , Daniel Reichman , Toniann Pitassi , Ohad Shamir