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3G, processor of 2G services, is a family of standards for mobile telecommunications defined by the International Telecommunication Union [1]. 3G services include wide-area wireless voice telephone, video calls, and wireless data, all in a…

This paper provides a comprehensive examination of the evolution of credit cards in the United States, tracing their historical development, causes, consequences, and impact on both individuals and the economy. It delves into the…

Security and privacy are the inherent problems in RFID communications. There are several protocols have been proposed to overcome those problems. Hash chain is commonly employed by the protocols to improve security and privacy for RFID…

Mathematical models could be helpful in assisting the Indian Government's new initiative of issuing biometric cards to its citizens. In this note, we look into the role of mathematical models in estimating the missing, non-enumerated…

The Indian judicial system faces a critical challenge with approximately 52 million pending cases, causing significant delays that impact socio-economic stability. This study proposes a cloud-based software framework to classify and…

The advent of digital technologies such as social media, mobile, analytics, cloud computing and internet-of-things has provided unique opportunities for organizations to engage in innovations that are affordable, easy-to-use, easy-to-learn…

Turnkey technology has emerged as a game-changing tool in cyber warfare, offering state and non-state actors unprecedented access to advanced cyber capabilities. The advantages of turnkey technology include rapid deployment and…

The Internet of Things has rapidly transformed the 21st century, enhancing decision-making processes and introducing innovative consumer services such as pay-as-you-use models. The integration of smart devices and automation technologies…

Cloud computing has made it possible for a user to be able to select a computing service precisely when needed. However, certain factors such as security of data and regulatory issues will impact a user's choice of using such a service. A…

This paper conducts an extensive review of biometric user authentication literature, addressing three primary research questions: (1) commonly used biometric traits and their suitability for specific applications, (2) performance factors…

Choosing authentication schemes for a specific purpose is challenging for service providers, developers, and researchers. Previous ratings of technical and objective aspects showed that available schemes all have strengths and limitations.…

Over the past two decades, biometric recognition has exploded into a plethora of different applications around the globe. This proliferation can be attributed to the high levels of authentication accuracy and user convenience that biometric…

India generates substantial volumes of public agricultural data, yet artificial intelligence (AI) adoption in farming remains limited and largely confined to pilot initiatives. This paper examines this gap by assessing India's agricultural…

This paper identifies factors that influence Kazakhstan's e-Government portal usage. It determines challenges encountered by citizens while using the portal. Targeted respondents for the web-based questionnaire survey were the citizens of…

Biometric systems are the latest technologies of unique identification. People all over the world prefer to use this unique identification technology for their authentication security. The goal of this research is to evaluate the biometric…

Medical devices and artificial intelligence systems rapidly transform healthcare provisions. At the same time, due to their nature, AI in or as medical devices might get exposed to cyberattacks, leading to patient safety and security risks.…

This paper systematizes log based Transparency Enhancing Technologies. Based on work on transparency from multiple disciplines we outline the purpose, usefulness, and pitfalls of transparency. We describe the mechanisms that allow log based…

The rise of Internet of things (IoT) technology has revolutionized urban living, offering immense potential for smart cities in which smart home, smart infrastructure, and smart industry are essential aspects that contribute to the…

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems into technologies used by young digital citizens raises significant privacy concerns. This study investigates these concerns through a comparative analysis of stakeholder perspectives.…

The Government of Bangladesh is aggressively transforming its public service landscape by transforming public services into online services via a number of websites. The motivation is that this would be a catalyst for a transformative…