相关论文: Upstream Causes of Downstream Effects
The causal relevance of local flow conditions in wall-bounded turbulence is analysed using ensembles of interventional experiments in which the effect of perturbing the flow within a small cell is monitored at some future time. When this is…
Biodiversity-associated ecosystem services such as pollination and biocontrol may be severely affected by emerging nano/micro-plastics (NMP) pollution. We synthesized the little-explored effects of NMP on pollinators and biocontrol agents…
Interference occurs when a unit's treatment (or exposure) affects another unit's outcome. In some settings, units may be grouped into clusters such that it is reasonable to assume that interference, if present, only occurs between…
Upscaling the effect of heterogeneities in porous media is crucial for macroscopic flow predictions, with widespread applications in energy and environmental settings. In this study, we derive expressions for the upscaled flow properties of…
The doping of wide gap semiconductors is an interesting problem both from the scientific and technological point of view. A well known example of this problem is the doping of Cu$_2$O. The only element which has produced an order of…
We study causal inference in settings characterized by interference with a bipartite structure. There are two distinct sets of units: intervention units to which an intervention can be applied and outcome units on which the outcome of…
Emission control technologies installed on power plants are a key feature of many air pollution regulations in the US. While such regulations are predicated on the presumed relationships between emissions, ambient air pollution, and human…
Our goal in this study is to characterize the relationship between lower tropospheric environmental humidity and convective mass flux in the tropics. To do so, we have created gridded convective mass flux datasets from five global…
The temperature dependence of the dynamics of water inside microporous activated carbon fibers (ACF) is investigated by means of incoherent elastic and quasi- elastic neutron scattering techniques. The aim is to evaluate the effect of…
Owing to their wavelengths dependent absorption and scattering properties, clouds have a strong impact on the climate of planetary atmospheres. Especially, the potential greenhouse effect of CO2 ice clouds in the atmospheres of terrestrial…
Liquid flow in sessile evaporating droplets of ultrapure water typically results from two main contributions: a capillary flow pushing the liquid towards the contact line from the bulk and a thermal Marangoni flow pulling the drop free…
A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model that solves the steady-state Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations for buoyant compressible pollution dispersion under different meteorological conditions is developed. A 6.4 km by 6.4…
River water quality monitoring is important for aquatic life, livestock, and humans because clean water is critical to meeting food demand during the global food crisis. Excessive contaminants, including phosphate, deplete dissolved oxygen…
Air pollution constitutes the highest environmental risk factor in relation to heath. In order to provide the evidence required for health impact analyses, to inform policy and to develop potential mitigation strategies comprehensive…
Unmeasured confounding is a key challenge for causal inference. In this paper, we establish a framework for unmeasured confounding adjustment with negative control variables. A negative control outcome is associated with the confounder but…
One way to quantify exposure to air pollution and its constituents in epidemiologic studies is to use an individual's nearest monitor. This strategy results in potential inaccuracy in the actual personal exposure, introducing bias in…
We investigate the dynamics of water confined in soft ionic nano-assemblies, an issue critical for a general understanding of the multi-scale structure-function interplay in advanced materials. We focus in particular on hydrated…
Water scarcity has required constant water recycling, leading to a decline in water quality, further exacerbated by high concentrations of fine particles that reduce the efficiency of solid-liquid separation systems. Inclined settlers offer…
Time-series forecasting increasingly demands not only accurate observational predictions but also causal forecasting under interventional and counterfactual queries in multivariate systems. We present DoFlow, a flow-based generative model…
This paper studies a discrete model of a large dam where the difference between lower and upper levels, $L$, is assumed to be large. Passage across the levels leads to damage, and the damage costs of crossing the lower or upper level are…