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Inverse design via topology optimization has led to innovations in integrated photonics and offers a promising way for designing high-efficiency on-chip couplers with a minimal footprint. In this work, we exploit topology optimization to…

Photonic integrated circuits are heavily researched devices for telecommunication, biosensing, and quantum technologies. Wafer-scale fabrication and testing are crucial for reducing costs and enabling large-scale deployment. Grating…

Fiber-to-chip couplers play a crucial role in interfacing on-chip photonic circuits with other optical systems or off-chip devices. Downsizing the couplers via topology optimization addresses the demand for high-density integration and…

A grating coupler on 700-nm-thick Z-cut lithium-niobate-on-insulator platform with high coupling efficiency, large bandwidth, and high fabrication tolerance is designed and optimized by inverse design method. The optimized grating coupler…

We report the design, fabrication in a commercial foundry, and experimental results of high-efficiency, normal incidence grating couplers for silicon photonics. We observe a maximum coupling efficiency of 85.4% (-0.69 dB) with a 1 dB…

Efficient fiber-to-chip couplers for multi-port access to photonic integrated circuits are paramount for a broad class of applications, ranging, e.g., from telecommunication to photonic computing and quantum technologies. While…

We apply a systematic inverse design approach to discover foundry-compliant, multilayer grating couplers that can efficiently couple a number of independent waves from free space to on-chip propagating modes. For visible- and near-infrared…

We propose a novel bio-inspired design principle for the perfectly vertical grating coupler. The main idea of our design is to introduce anisotropy to the grating stripe to direct the light to one side of the grating. This grating design is…

Perfectly vertical grating couplers leveraging metamaterials can achieve both high coupling efficiency and minimal back reflection. The fabricability of these designs, with segmentations in both the longitudinal and transverse dimensions,…

Vertical coupling using a diffraction grating is a convenient way to couple light into an optical waveguide. Several optimization approaches have been suggested in order to design such a coupler; however, most of them are implemented using…

Efficient light coupling into integrated photonic devices is of key importance to a wide variety of applications. "Inverse nanotapers" are widely used, in which the waveguide width is reduced to match an incident mode. Here, we demonstrate…

On-chip grating couplers directly connect photonic circuits to free-space light. The commonly used photonic gratings have been specialized for small areas, specific intensity profiles and non-vertical beam projection. This falls short of…

Two-dimensional (2D) diffraction gratings offer a polarization-independent coupling solution between the planar photonic chips and optical fibers, with advantages including placement flexibility, ease of fabrication, and tolerance to…

Efficiently coupling light from optical fibers into photonic integrated circuits is a key step toward practical photonic devices. While a notable coupling can be achieved by out of plane couplers such as grating couplers, their basic planar…

We present a gradient-based optimization strategy to design broadband grating couplers. Using this method, we are able to reach, and often surpass, a user-specified target bandwidth during optimization. The designs produced for 220 nm…

Fibre optic technology connects the world through the Internet, enables remote sensing, and connects disparate functional optical devices. Highly confined silicon photonics promises extreme scale and functional integration. However, the…

Grating couplers that interconnect photonic chips to off-chip components are of essential importance for various optoelectronics applications. Despite numerous efforts in past decades, existing grating couplers still suffer from poor energy…

A Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) perfectly vertical fibre-to-chip grating coupler is proposed and designed based on engineered subwavelength structures. The high directionality of the coupler is achieved by implementing step gratings to realize…

Nanophotonics has emerged as a powerful tool for manipulating light on chips. Almost all of today's devices, however, have been designed using slow and ineffective brute-force search methods, leading in many cases to limited device…

We demonstrate monolithically defined grating couplers in $Z$-cut lithium niobate on insulator for efficient vertical coupling between an optical fiber and a single mode waveguide. The grating couplers exhibit $\sim 44.6\%$/coupler and…