相关论文: Built-in potential and band alignment of matter

The past decade's apparent success in predicting and experimentally discovering distinct classes of topological insulators (TIs) and semimetals masks a fundamental shortcoming: out of 200,000 stoichiometric compounds extant in material…

It is common practice to try to understand electron interactions in metals by defining a hierarchy of energy scales. Very often, the Fermi energy is considered the largest, so much so that frequently bandwidths are approximated as infinite.…

Incompatible, i.e. non-jointly measurable quantum measurements are a necessary resource for many information processing tasks. It is known that increasing the number of distinct measurements usually enhances the incompatibility of a…

Superlattice potentials are theoretically predicted to modify the single-particle electronic structures. The resulting Coulomb-interaction-dominated low-energy physics would generate highly novel many-body phenomena. Here, by in situ…

An optical shutter based on charged particles is presented. The output light intensity of the proposed device has an intrinsic dependence on the interparticle spacing between charged particles, which can be controlled by varying voltages…

A fluid in contact with a flat structureless wall constitutes the simplest interface system, but the fluid-wall interfacial tension cannot be trivially and even unequivocally determined due to the ambiguity in identifying the precise…

I define the fields that describe electrical macrostructure, and their rates of change, in terms of the microscopic charge density, electric field, electric potential, and their rates of change. To deduce these definitions, I lay some new…

In this paper we demonstrate a quantitative way to measure the membrane potential of live cells by dielectric spectroscopy. We also show that the values of the membrane potential obtained using our technique are in good agreement with those…

Many references exist in the density functional theory (DFT) literature to the chemical potential of the electrons in an atom or a molecule. The origin of this notion has been the identification of the Lagrange multiplier $\mu = \partial…

The bias dependent interface charge is considered as the origin of the observed non-ideality in current-voltage and capacitance-voltage characteristics. Using the simplified model for the interface electronic structure based on defects…

At the surfaces of materials, the bulk symmetry of the charge density is broken and electron spill-out into the vacuum region creates a surface dipole. Such spill-out has been historically calculated by Lang and Kohn [Phys. Rev. B…

A macroscopic quantum state that is characterized by an energy gap in the electronic spectrum and occurs in organic structural components of the cell is hypothesized to provide a basis for the phenomenon of life. The width of the band gap…

Any interface boundary in an equilibrium system of Coulomb particles is accompanied by the existence of a finite difference in the average electrostatic potential through this boundary. This interface potential drop is a thermodynamic…

As the fundamental quantum mechanical theory predicts, it is believed that electronic states can be bound only to potential wells and not to potential barriers in any dimension and their energies should be below the background potential.…

The band gap, a key concept in solid-state physics, is traditionally explained by the Bragg diffraction of electron waves in the periodic potential of a crystal. Although widely accepted, this framework raises fundamental issues in…

The standard exposition of the internal resistance of a battery, that a battery comprises a source of emf in series with an internal resistance, as given in engineering and physics text-books, is lacking in proper explanation. It is treated…

Friction is a major source of energy loss in mechanical devices. This energy loss may be minimized by creating interfaces with extremely reduced friction, i.e. superlubricity. Conventional wisdom holds that incommensurate interface…

Various types of equilibrium processes involve electric fields. In some cases, the electrical energy appears to be negative (e.g. if the voltage is fixed by an external source). This paper explains how to derive the correct thermo-dynamic…

The interaction potential of a two-dimensional system of excitons with spatially separated electron-hole layers is considered in the strong magnetic field limit. The excitons are assumed to have free dynamics in the $x$-$y$ plane, while…

Topological band theory provides a conceptual framework to predict or even engineer robust metallic states at the boundaries of topologically distinct phases. The bulk-boundary correspondence requires that a topological electronic phase…