相关论文: Electron counting in solids: oxidation states, par…
We show how to construct physical, minimal energy states for systems of static and moving charges. These states are manifestly gauge invariant. For charge-anticharge systems we also construct states in which the gauge fields are restricted…
In Penning traps electromagnetic forces are used to confine charged particles under well-controlled conditions for virtually unlimited time. Sensitive detection methods have been developed to allow observation of single stored ions. Various…
We discuss a simple but instructive model in which Gauss' law holds for a class of charged states. In spite of the non-localizability of these charges, the corresponding superselection sectors can be labelled by the spectrum of some…
We study two-dimensional spinful insulating phases of matter that are protected by time-reversal and crystalline symmetries. To characterize these phases we employ the concept of corner charge fractionalization: Corners can carry charges…
It is shown that instantons in the O(3) model at finite temperature consist of fractional charge constituents and the (topological) properties of the latter are discussed.
We propose a simple approach for studying systems of compressed matter based on the Thomas-Fermi statistical model of single atom. The central point of our work is the development of the concept of ``statistical ionization'' by compression;…
Describing Li-ion battery positive electrodes in terms of distinct transition metal or oxygen redox regimes can lead to confusion in understanding metal-ligand hybridisation, oxygen dimerisation, and degradation. There is a pressing need to…
We consider theoretically ionization of an atom by neutrino impact taking into account electromagnetic interactions predicted for massive neutrinos by theories beyond the Standard Model. The effects of atomic recoil in this process are…
A new, sensitive method allows one to search for the enhancement of events with nearly equal-sized fragments as predicted by theoretical calculations based on volume or surface instabilities. Simulations have been performed to investigate…
Depending on the recent experiments and some new way of explaining electron we have developed here equations for velocities of different mode with the charge density. This includes as well how the charge-density can be distributed in the…
Two forms of relativistic density functional are derived from Dirac equation. Based on their structure analysis model of split electron is proposed. In this model electric charge and mass of electron behave like two point-like particles. It…
We study systems that approach a state possessing discrete symmetry due to different degenerate realizations for the system. For concreteness, we consider fractionally filled systems where degeneracy comes from the presence of identical…
The ground state electronic structures of the actinide oxides AO, A2O3 and AO2 (A=U, Np, Pu, Am, Cm, Bk, Cf) are determined from first-principles calculations, using the self-interaction corrected local spin-density (SIC-LSD) approximation.…
The character of an electronically excited state is one of the most important descriptors employed to discuss the photophysics and photochemistry of transition metal complexes. In transition metal complexes, the interaction between the…
Charge Distributions in Metallic Alloys: a Charge Excess Functional theory approach
A number of group III-metal oxides are studied via density functional theory in order to establish a possibility of nonthermal transition of these materials into a superionic state. Atomic and electronic properties of the materials are…
Standard approximations for the exchange-correlation functional have been found to give big errors for the linearity condition of fractional charges, leading to delocalization error, and the constancy condition of fractional spins, leading…
In quantum field theory, elemental particles are assumed to be point particles. As a result, the loop integrals are divergent in many cases. Regularization and renormalization are necessary in order to get the physical finite results from…
Bound charge is a useful construct for calculating the electrostatic field of polarized material, and it represents a perfectly genuine accumulation of charge. But is such a material in every respect equivalent to a particular configuration…
Atomic number ($A$) and energy ($\roots$) scaling exponents of multiplicity and transverse energy in heavy ion collisions are analytically derived in the perturbative QCD + saturation model. The exponents depend on the small-$x$ behaviour…