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The early time dynamics of heavy ion collisions can be described by classical fields in an approximation of Quantum ChromoDynamics (QCD) called Color Glass Condensate (CGC). Monte-Carlo sampling of the color charge for the incoming nuclei…

核理论 · 物理学 2017-05-24 Steven Rose , Rainer J. Fries

We employ an effective kinetic description, based on the Boltzmann equation in the relaxation time approximation, to study the space-time dynamics and development of transverse flow of small and large collision systems. By combining…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2022-02-09 Victor E. Ambrus , S. Schlichting , C. Werthmann

Relativistic hydrodynamics is essential to our current understanding of nucleus-nucleus collisions at ultrarelativistic energies (current experiments at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, forthcoming experiments at the CERN Large Hadron…

核理论 · 物理学 2008-11-26 Jean-Yves Ollitrault

We demonstrate how to match pre-equilibrium dynamics of a 0+1 dimensional quark gluon plasma to 2nd-order viscous hydrodynamical evolution. The matching allows us to specify the initial values of the energy density and shear tensor at the…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2014-11-20 Mauricio Martinez , Michael Strickland

A recently introduced particle-based model for fluid flow, called Stochastic Rotation Dynamics, can be made Galilean invariant by introducing a random shift of the computational grid before collisions. In this paper, it is shown how the…

软凝聚态物质 · 物理学 2009-11-11 Thomas Ihle , Erkan Tuzel , Daniel M. Kroll

The initial conditions of one-dimensional expanding viscous fluids in relativistic heavy-ion collisions are scrutinized in terms of nonlinear causality of the relativistic hydrodynamic equations. Conventionally, it is believed that the…

核理论 · 物理学 2025-02-03 Tau Hoshino , Tetsufumi Hirano

We employ the SMASH transport model to provide event-by-event initial conditions for the energy-momentum tensor and conserved charge currents in hydrodynamic simulations of relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We study the fluctuations and…

Nuclei colliding at very high energy create a strong, quasi-classical gluon field during the initial phase of their interaction. We present an analytic calculation of the initial space-time evolution of this field in the limit of very high…

核理论 · 物理学 2017-01-31 Joseph I. Kapusta , Guangyao Chen , Rainer J. Fries , Yang Li

Dissipative processes are pivotal for understanding the hydrodynamic evolution of hot and dense QCD matter created in relativistic nuclear collisions. The interplay of multiple conserved charges -- net baryon, strangeness, and electric…

核理论 · 物理学 2026-01-21 Akihiko Monnai , Grégoire Pihan , Björn Schenke , Chun Shen

At its core, hydrodynamics is a many-body low-energy effective theory for the long-wavelength, long-timescale dynamics of conserved charges in systems close to thermodynamic equilibrium. It has a wide range of applications spanning from…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2024-08-22 Luca Martinoia

A 1+1 dimensional hydrodynamical model in the light-cone coordinates is used to describe central heavy-ion collisions at ultrarelativistic bombarding energies. Deviations from Bjorken's scaling are taken into account by choosing finite-size…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2008-11-26 L. M. Satarov , I. N. Mishustin , A. V. Merdeev , H. Stoecker

We introduce the idea of weakly coherent collisional models, where the elements of an environment interacting with a system of interest are prepared in states that are approximately thermal, but have an amount of coherence proportional to a…

We evaluate the full opacity dependence of collective flow in high-energy heavy-ion collisions within a microscopic kinetic description based on the Boltzmann equation in the conformal relaxation time approximation. By comparing kinetic…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2023-05-24 Victor E. Ambrus , S. Schlichting , C. Werthmann

Environmental science almost invariably proposes problems of extreme complexity, typically characterized by strongly nonlinear evolution dynamics. The systems under investigation have many degrees of freedom - which makes them complicated -…

大气与海洋物理 · 物理学 2007-05-23 A. Speranza , V. Lucarini

We study numerically the evolution of an expanding strongly self-coupled real scalar field. We use a conformally invariant action that gives a traceless energy-momentum tensor and is better suited to model the early time behaviour of a…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2024-04-09 Margaret E. Carrington , Wade N. Cowie , Gabor Kunstatter , Christopher D. Phillips

We establish the foundations of a nonequilibrium theory of quantum thermodynamics for noninteracting open quantum systems strongly coupled to their reservoirs within the framework of the nonequilibrium Green functions (NEGF). The energy of…

统计力学 · 物理学 2015-03-18 Massimiliano Esposito , Maicol A. Ochoa , Michael Galperin

Understanding hydrodynamization in microscopic models of heavy-ion collisions has been an important topic in current research. Many lessons obtained within the strongly-coupled (holographic) models originate from the properties of transient…

核理论 · 物理学 2018-09-24 Michal P. Heller , Viktor Svensson

We present an extended Bayesian analysis using Trajectum where the initial condition can now include binary scaling. For the far-from-equilibrium evolution before hydrodynamics we introduce an interpolation between free streaming and a…

核理论 · 物理学 2023-04-14 Govert Nijs , Wilke van der Schee

The construction of a generalized (higher-order) nonlinear thermo-hydrodynamics, based on a nonequilibrium ensemble formalism has been presented in the preceding article. The working of such theory is illustrated in the present one. We…

统计力学 · 物理学 2007-05-23 J. Galvão Ramos , Áurea R. Vasconcellos , Roberto Luzzi

Strongly interacting matter such as nuclear or quark matter leads to few-body bound states and correlations of the constituents. As a consequence quantum chromodynamics has a rich phase structure with spontaneous symmetry breaking,…

核理论 · 物理学 2009-11-10 M. Beyer , S. Mattiello , S. Strauss , T. Frederico , H. J. Weber , P. Schuck , S. A. Sofianos