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Most present stellarator designs are produced by costly two-stage optimization: the first for an optimized equilibrium, and the second for a coil design reproducing its magnetic configuration. Few proxies for coil complexity and forces…

We present a method for stellarator coil design via gradient-based optimization of the coil-winding surface. The REGCOIL (Landreman 2017 Nucl. Fusion 57 046003) approach is used to obtain the coil shapes on the winding surface using a…

Coil complexity is a critical consideration in stellarator design. The traditional two-step optimization approach, in which the plasma boundary is optimized for physics properties and the coils are subsequently optimized to be consistent…

Stellarator optimization often takes a two-stage approach, where in the first stage the boundary is varied in order to optimize for some physics metrics, while in the second stage the boundary is kept fixed and coils are sought to generate…

Designing magnets for three-dimensional plasma confinement is a key task for advancing the stellarator as a fusion reactor concept. Stellarator magnets must produce an accurate field while leaving adequate room for other components and…

We have developed a fast method to design perpendicular permanent magnets for simplifying stellarator coils based on existing codes. Coil complexity is one of the main challenges for stellarators. To date, only electromagnetic coils have…

A problem arising in several engineering areas is to design magnets outside a volume that produce a desired magnetic field inside it. One instance of this problem is stellarator design, where it has recently been shown that permanent…

Magnetic confinement devices for nuclear fusion can be large and expensive. Compact stellarators are promising candidates for costreduction, but introduce new difficulties: confinement in smaller volumes requires higher magnetic field,…

An optimized compact stellarator with four simple coils is obtained from direct optimization via coil shape. The new stellarator consists of two interlocking coils and two vertical field coils similar to those of the Columbia Non-neutral…

Finding an easy-to-build coils set has been a critical issue for stellarator design for decades. Conventional approaches assume a toroidal "winding" surface. We'll investigate if the existence of winding surface unnecessarily constrains the…

In the construction of a stellarator, the manufacturing and assembling of the coil system is a dominant cost. These coils need to satisfy strict engineering tolerances, and if those are not met the project could be canceled as in the case…

A challenge in the design of stellarators for confining plasma at conditions relevant to fusion energy generation is designing a feasible set of magnetic field coils which can create the necessary confining field. One active direction of…

Single-stage optimization, also known as combined plasma-coil algorithms or direct coil optimization, has recently emerged as a possible method to expedite the design of stellarator devices by including, in a single step, confinement,…

We introduce a novel approach for the simultaneous optimization of plasma physics and coil engineering objectives using fixed-boundary equilibria that is computationally efficient and applicable to a broad range of vacuum and finite plasma…

Balancing plasma performance and coil cost is a significant challenge when designing a stellarator power plant. Most current stellarator designs are produced through two-stage optimization: stage-1 for the equilibrium and stage-2 for a coil…

In stellarators, achieving effective divertor configurations is challenging due to the three-dimensional nature of the magnetic fields, which often leads to chaotic field lines and fuzzy separatrices. This work presents a novel approach to…

We consider the novel problem of optimizing a large set of passive superconducting coils (PSCs) with currents induced by a background magnetic field rather than power supplies. In the nuclear fusion literature, such coils have been proposed…

We are interested in the design of stellarators, devices for the production of controlled nuclear fusion reactions alternative to tokamaks. The confinement of the plasma is entirely achieved by a helical magnetic field created by the…

We present a robust optimization algorithm for the design of electromagnetic coils that generate vacuum magnetic fields with nested flux surfaces and precise quasi-symmetry. The method is based on a bilevel optimization problem, where the…

Combined plasma-coil optimization approaches for designing stellarators are discussed and a new method for calculating free-boundary equilibria is proposed. Four distinct categories of stellarator optimization, two of which are novel…