相关论文: Physical restrictions on the choice of electromagn…

The observed constraints on the variability of the proton to electron mass ratio $\mu$ and the fine structure constant $\alpha$ are used to establish constraints on the variability of the Quantum Chromodynamic Scale and a combination of the…

Even though its classical equations of motion are then left invariant, when an action is redefined by an additive total derivative or divergence term (in time, in the case of a mechanical system) such a transformation induces nontrivial…

The Hamiltonian describing a conductor surrounding an external magnetic field contains a nonvanishing vector potential in the volume accessible to the electrons and nuclei of which the conductor is made. That vector potential cannot be…

Gauge-invariant Wigner theory describes the quantum-mechanical evolution of charged particles in the presence of an electromagnetic field in phase space, which is spanned by position and kinetic momentum. This approach is independent of the…

General relations for electromagnetic field energy outside the transparency domain are proposed. It is shown that charged particle contribution to the energy of electromagnetic perturbations in the general case can be described in terms of…

The status of various precisely measured electroweak parameters is reviewed. Natural relations among them are shown to constrain the Higgs mass, m_H, via quantum loop effects to relatively low values. A comparison with direct Higgs searches…

We present an educational path on the magnetic vector potential A addressed to undergraduate students and to pre-service physics teachers. Starting from the generalized Ampere-Laplace law, in the framework of a slowly varying time-dependent…

Building on our previous work, we investigate the identification of the electromagnetic field as a local gauge field of a restricted group of synchrony transformations. We begin by arguing that the inability to measure the one-way speed of…

The underlying mathematical structures of gauge theories are known to be geometrical in nature and the local and global features of this geometry have been studied for a long time in mathematics under the name of fibre bundles. It is now…

The possibility of variations of the values of fundamental constants is a phenomenon predicted by a number of scenarios beyond General Relativity. This can happen if ``our'' fundamental constants are not the actual constants of the…

When analysing a system consisting of both dark matter and dark energy, an often used practice in the literature is to neglect the perturbations in the dark energy component. However, it has recently been argued, through the use of…

The magnetic scalar potential can be used to design electromagnets accurately and efficiently. I will describe a practical construction algorithm: the prescribed field in a "Target" region (constrained only by Maxwell's equations) specifies…

Alternative theories to quantum mechanics motivate important fundamental tests of our understanding and descriptions of the smallest physical systems. Here, using spontaneous parametric downconversion as a heralded single-photon source, we…

The energy of a quantum particle cannot be determined exactly unless there is an infinite amount of time in which to perform the measurement. This paper considers the possibility that $\Delta E$, the uncertainty in the energy, may be…

Over the past two decades, meson photo- and electroproduction data of unprecedented quality and quantity have been measured at electromagnetic facilities worldwide. By contrast, the meson-beam data for the same hadronic final states are…

The Aharonov-Bohm effect is measured in a four-terminal open ring geometry based on a Ga[Al]As heterostructure. Two quantum dots are embedded in the structure, one in each of the two interfering paths. The number of electrons in the two…

In electrostatics, we can use either potential energy or field energy to ensure conservation of energy. In electrodynamics, the former option is unavailable. To ensure conservation of energy, we must attribute energy to the electromagnetic…

The analytical expressions for the electromagnetic potential generated from a focusing charged particle beam are indispensable in various beam physics problems. In this article, we review the theory in detail and point out the necessary…

A conventional general electromagnetic force definition has been widely used to analyze radiation forces in dielectric media in published research works. However in this paper, we would like to indicate that this conventional force…

I consider two usages of the expression "gauge theory". On one, a gauge theory is a theory with excess structure; on the other, a gauge theory is any theory appropriately related to classical electromagnetism. I make precise one sense in…