相关论文: The cost of not having a perfect reference in diag…

Diagnostic tests are almost never perfect. Studies quantifying their performance use knowledge of the true health status, measured with a reference diagnostic test. Researchers commonly assume that the reference test is perfect, which is…

Diagnostic tests play a crucial role in medical care. Thus any new diagnostic tests must undergo a thorough evaluation. New diagnostic tests are evaluated in comparison with the respective gold standard tests. The performance of binary…

Diagnostic accuracy studies assess sensitivity and specificity of a new index test in relation to an established comparator or the reference standard. The development and selection of the index test is usually assumed to be conducted prior…

Standard methods for the meta-analysis of medical tests without a gold standard are limited to dichotomous data. Multivariate probit models are used to analyze correlated binary data, and can be extended to multivariate ordered probit…

Medical researchers have solved the problem of estimating the sensitivity and specificity of binary medical diagnostic tests without gold standard tests for comparison. That problem is the same as estimating confusion matrices for…

As with all measurements, the measurement of examinee ability, in terms of scores that the examinee obtains in a test, is also error-ridden. The quantification of such error or uncertainty in the test score data--or rather the complementary…

The majority of automatic metrics for evaluating NLG systems are reference-based. However, the challenge of collecting human annotation results in a lack of reliable references in numerous application scenarios. Despite recent advancements…

Clinical translation of quantitative imaging (QI) methods requires objective evaluation of these methods on reliably measuring the underlying true quantitative values. Ideally, such evaluation would be performed using ground truth or gold…

Conditional-independence-based discovery uses statistical tests to identify a graphical model that represents the independence structure of variables in a dataset. These tests, however, can be unreliable, and algorithms are sensitive to…

This paper introduces diagnostic tests for the nature of lack of fit in ordinary differential equation models (ODEs) proposed for data. We present a hierarchy of three possible sources of lack of fit: unaccounted-for stochastic variation,…

Current methods for automatically evaluating grammatical error correction (GEC) systems rely on gold-standard references. However, these methods suffer from penalizing grammatical edits that are correct but not in the gold standard. We show…

Reference metrics have been developed to objectively and quantitatively compare two images. Especially for evaluating the quality of reconstructed or compressed images, these metrics have shown very useful. Extensive tests of such metrics…

Most of the literature on change-point analysis by means of hypothesis testing considers hypotheses of the form H0 : \theta_1 = \theta_2 vs. H1 : \theta_1 != \theta_2, where \theta_1 and \theta_2 denote parameters of the process before and…

Discrete-value time series are sequences of measurements where each measurement is a discrete (categorical or integer) value. These time series are widely used in various fields, and their classification and clustering are essential for…

This work is addressing the problem of defect anomaly detection based on a clean reference image. Specifically, we focus on SEM semiconductor defects in addition to several natural image anomalies. There are well-known methods to create a…

Performance metrics for medical image segmentation models are used to measure the agreement between the reference annotation and the predicted segmentation. Usually, overlap metrics, such as the Dice, are used as a metric to evaluate the…

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema are common complications of diabetes which can lead to vision loss. The grading of DR is a fairly complex process that requires the detection of fine features such as microaneurysms,…

We consider the problem of comparing two diagnostic tests based on a sample of paired test results without true state determinations, in cases where the second test can reasonably be assumed to be at least as specific as the first. For such…

Test data measured by medical instruments often carry imprecise ranges that include the true values. The latter are not obtainable in virtually all cases. Most learning algorithms, however, carry out arithmetical calculations that are…

Positive predictive value and negative predictive value are two widely used parameters to assess the clinical usefulness of a medical diagnostic test. When there are two diagnostic tests, it is recommendable to make a comparative assessment…