相关论文: Bypassing damaged nervous tissue

One aim shared by multiple settings, such as continual learning or transfer learning, is to leverage previously acquired knowledge to converge faster on the current task. Usually this is done through fine-tuning, where an implicit…

After injury, if regeneration can be observed in hydra, planaria and some vertebrates, regeneration is rare in mammals and particularly in humans. In this paper, we investigate the mechanisms by which biological tissues recover after…

This paper tries to give a gentle introduction to deep learning in medical image processing, proceeding from theoretical foundations to applications. We first discuss general reasons for the popularity of deep learning, including several…

The possibility of simulating in detail in-vivo experiments could be highly beneficial to the neuroscientific community. It could easily allow for preliminary testing of different experimental conditions without having to be constrained by…

Neurological injuries and age-related decline can impair sensory processing and disrupt motor coordination, gait, and balance. As mechanisms of neuroplasticity have become better understood, vibration-based interventions have gained…

Neural network training is usually accomplished by solving a non-convex optimization problem using stochastic gradient descent. Although one optimizes over the networks parameters, the main loss function generally only depends on the…

The action potential is widely considered a purely electrical phenomenon. However, one also finds mechanical and thermal changes that can be observed experimentally. In particular, nerve membranes become thicker and axons contract. The…

High resolution optical microscopy is essential in neuroscience but suffers from scattering in biological tissues. It therefore grants access to superficial layers only. Recently developed techniques use scattered photons for imaging by…

Demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system may have multiple causes, the most common are infections, autoimmune responses, genetic or vascular etiology. Demyelination lesions are characterized by areas were the myelin sheath of…

Multiple sclerosis lesion activity segmentation is the task of detecting new and enlarging lesions that appeared between a baseline and a follow-up brain MRI scan. While deep learning methods for single-scan lesion segmentation are common,…

Novel imaging and neurostimulation techniques open doors for advancements in closed-loop control of activity in biological neural networks. This would allow for applications in the investigation of activity propagation, and for diagnosis…

We present a class of 2D systems which shows a counterintuitive property that contradicts a semi classical intuition: A 2D quantum particle "prefers" tunneling through a barrier rather than traveling above it. Viewing the one particle 2D…

Self-avoidance is a common mechanism to improve the efficiency of a random walker for covering a spatial domain. However, how this efficiency decreases when self-avoidance is impaired or limited by other processes has remained largely…

Quantum tunneling from a thin wire or a thin film through a static potential barrier in a zero magnetic field is studied. The wire or the film should satisfy a condition of transverse quantization of levels and be inhomogeneous. Depending…

Unlike the brain, artificial neural networks, including state-of-the-art deep neural networks for computer vision, are subject to "catastrophic forgetting": they rapidly forget the previous task when trained on a new one. Neuroscience…

Regeneration of the nervous system after injury remains an important therapeutic objective, especially in the central nervous system (CNS), in which regeneration is restricted by both neuronal limitations as well as adverse extracellular…

In previous works, the author and collaborators establish a mathematical model for injury response in articular cartilage. In this paper we use mathematical software and computational techniques, applied to an existing model to explore in…

From mass extinction to cell death, complex networked systems often exhibit abrupt dynamic transitions between desirable and undesirable states. Such transitions are often caused by topological perturbations, such as node or link removal,…

Noise is an inherent part of neuronal dynamics, and thus of the brain. It can be observed in neuronal activity at different spatiotemporal scales, including in neuronal membrane potentials, local field potentials, electroencephalography,…

Introduced is a methodology for adapting the topology of dense neural networks, enabled by isotropic activation functions. Achieved through prescribed reparameterisation symmetries and singular-value decomposition of affine maps, this…