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Many object-oriented dynamic languages allow programmers to _extract methods_ from objects and treat them as functions. This allows for flexible programming patterns, but presents challenges for type systems. In particular, a simple…

Inferring the types of API elements in incomplete code snippets (e.g., those on Q&A forums) is a prepositive step required to work with the code snippets. Existing type inference methods can be mainly categorized as constraint-based or…

Benefits of static type systems are well-known: they offer guarantees that no type error will occur during runtime and, inherently, inferred types serve as documentation on how functions are called. On the other hand, many type systems have…

Evasion techniques allow malicious code to never be observed. This impacts significantly the detection capabilities of tools that rely on either dynamic or static analysis, as they never get to process the malicious code. The dynamic nature…

Many important security properties can be formulated in terms of flows of tainted data, and improved taint analysis tools to prevent such flows are of critical need. Most existing taint analyses use whole-program static analysis, leading to…

One form of type checking used in gradually typed language is transient type checking: whenever an object 'flows' through code with a type annotation, the object is dynamically checked to ensure it has the methods required by the…

To efficiently execute dynamically typed languages, many language implementations have adopted a two-tier architecture. The first tier aims for low-latency startup times and collects dynamic profiles, such as the dynamic types of variables.…

Large language models (LLMs) are leading significant progress in code generation. Beyond one-pass code generation, recent works further integrate unit tests and program verifiers into LLMs to iteratively refine the generated programs.…

Modern software relies on a multitude of automated testing and quality assurance tools to prevent errors, bugs and potential vulnerabilities. This study sets out to provide a head-to-head, quantitative and qualitative evaluation of six…

JavaScript (JS) is a popular, platform-independent programming language. To ensure the interoperability of JS programs across different platforms, the implementation of a JS engine should conform to the ECMAScript standard. However, doing…

Gradual typing enables developers to annotate types of their own choosing, offering a flexible middle ground between no type annotations and a fully statically typed language. As more and more code bases get type-annotated, static type…

Generic taint analysis is a pivotal technique in software security. However, it suffers from staggeringly high overhead. In this paper, we explore the hypothesis whether just-in-time (JIT) generation of fast paths for tracking taint can…

Formal verification can provably guarantee the correctness of critical system software, but the high proof burden has long hindered its wide adoption. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown success in code analysis and synthesis.…

There has been growing interest in automatically predicting missing type annotations in programs written in Python and JavaScript. While prior methods have achieved impressive accuracy when predicting the most common types, they often…

Just-in-time defect prediction (JIT-DP) aims to predict the likelihood of code changes resulting in software defects at an early stage. Although code change metrics and semantic features have enhanced prediction accuracy, prior research has…

A gradual type system allows developers to declare certain types to be enforced by the compiler (i.e., statically typed), while leaving other types to be enforced via runtime checks (i.e., dynamically typed). When runtime checks fail,…

Harnessing the power of dependently typed languages can be difficult. Programmers must manually construct proofs to produce well-typed programs, which is not an easy task. In particular, migrating code to these languages is challenging.…

Dynamic languages, such as Python and Javascript, trade static typing for developer flexibility and productivity. Lack of static typing can cause run-time exceptions and is a major factor for weak IDE support. To alleviate these issues, PEP…

JavaScript's widespread adoption has made it an attractive target for malicious attackers who employ sophisticated obfuscation techniques to conceal harmful code. Current deobfuscation tools suffer from critical limitations that severely…

Specializing low-level systems to specifics of the workload they serve and platform they are running on often significantly improves performance. However, specializing systems is difficult because of three compounding challenges: i)…