相关论文: The theorem that was none - I. Early history

There is general agreement that the universe began with an "explosion" of matter and energy at a "singularity", the "Big Bang". This paper analyses the mechanics of that beginning and two alternative theories related to it: - The…

In this paper we review Penrose's Weyl curvature conjecture which states that the concept of gravitational entropy and the Weyl tensor is somehow linked, at least in a cosmological setting. We give a description of a certain entity…

We suggest that the bulge-to-disc ratios of spiral galaxies are primarily determined by the angular momenta of their host haloes predicted in current hierarchical clustering models for structure formation. Gas with low specific angular…

From the time the first stars formed over 13 billion years ago to the present, star formation has had an unexpectedly dynamic history. At first, the star formation rate density increased dramatically, reaching a peak 10 billion years ago…

The `missing baryons' of the near universe are believed to be principally in a partially ionized state. Although passing electromagnetic waves are dispersed by the plasma, the effect has hitherto not been utilized as a means of detection…

Population inference of gravitational-wave catalogues is a useful tool to translate observations of black-hole mergers into constraints on compact-binary formation. Different formation channels predict identifiable signatures in the…

The history of the dark matter problem can be traced back to at least the 1930s, but it was not until the early 1970s that the issue of 'missing matter' was widely recognized as problematic. In the latter period, previously separate issues…

We consider the classical theory of a gravitational field with spin 2 and non-vanishing (Pauli-Fierz) mass in flat spacetime, coupled to electromagnetism and point particles. We establish the law of light propagation and calculate the…

Structure in the Universe is widely believed to have originated from quantum fluctuations during an early epoch of accelerated expansion. Yet, the patterns we observe today do not distinguish between quantum or classical primordial…

We investigate the conditions under which the first low-mass stars formed in the universe by confronting theoretical predictions governing the transition from massive Population III to low-mass Population II stars with recent observational…

The earliest generation of stars, far from being a mere novelty, transformed the universe from darkness to light. The first atoms to form after the Big Bang filled the universe with atomic hydrogen and a few light elements. As gravity…

We report on recent progress in our theoretical understanding of X-ray binaries, which has largely been driven by new observations, and illustrate the interplay between theory and observations considering as examples intermediate-mass X-ray…

A calculation of the no-boundary wave-function of the universe is put forward for a spacetime with negative curvature. A semi-classical Robertson-Walker approximation is attempted and two solutions to the field equations, one Lorentzian and…

Since the mid-1920s, different strands of research used stars as "physics laboratories" for investigating the nature of matter under extreme densities and pressures, impossible to realize on Earth. To trace this process this paper is…

The stellar winds of massive stars show large changes in mass-loss rates and terminal velocities during their evolution from O-star through the Luminous Blue Variable phase to the Wolf-Rayet phase. The luminosity remains approximately…

The basic cosmological predictions of a `polarizable-vacuum' theory of gravity due to Dicke, predating the scalar-tensor theory, are investigated and tested for their compliance with current observations. A Friedmann-like equation is…

Observations have revealed that most stars are born in clusters. These systems, containing from tens to thousands of stars and typically significant mass in gas in the youngest systems, evolve due to a combination of stellar and star-gas…

A neutron star was first detected as a pulsar in 1967. It is one of the most mysterious compact objects in the universe, with a radius of the order of 10 km and masses that can reach two solar masses. In fact, neutron stars are star…

Proposed in this paper is a possible interaction which exists in nature - inertial interaction. It gives matter an inertia and inertial mass. The formula of inertial mass has been derived. It is possible that inertial interaction leads to…

In general neutron stars in binaries are spinning. Due to the existence of millisecond pulsars we know that these spins can be substantial. We argue that spins with periods on the order a few dozen milliseconds could influence the late…