相关论文: Eddington-Malmquist bias in a cosmological context
In this paper we outline the framework of mathematical statistics with which one may study the properties of galaxy distance estimators. We describe, within this framework, how one may formulate the problem of distance estimation as a…
It is shown that the Hubble constant can be derived from the standard luminosity function of galaxies as well as from a new luminosity function as deduced from the mass-luminosity relationship for galaxies. An analytical expression for the…
We discuss physical interpretation of {\Lambda}CDM cosmology from a Machian model of the universe containing nothing but visible matter (ordinary matter, radiation). The Friedmann equation can be derived from a Machian definition of energy,…
The spatial distribution of galaxies we observed is subject to the given condition that we, human beings are sitting right in a galaxy -- the Milky Way. Thus the ergodicity assumption is questionable in interpretation of the observed galaxy…
Recent calculations using non-linear relativistic cosmological perturbation theory show biases in the mean luminosity distance and distance modulus at low redshift. We show that these effects may be understood very simply as a…
We present a brief history of the construction of models of the universe, followed by calculations of quantitative characteristics of basic geometric and kinematic properties of the Standard Cosmological Model ($\Lambda$CDM). Using the…
The homogeneous, isotropic, and flat $\Lambda$CDM universe favored by observations of the cosmic microwave background can be described using only Euclidean geometry, locally correct Newtonian mechanics, and the basic postulates of special…
H.A. Wilson, then R.H. Dicke, proposed to describe gravitation by a spatial change of the refractive index of the vacuum around a gravitational mass. Dicke extended this formalism in order to describe the apparent expansion of the Universe…
The Hubble diagram is one of the cornerstones of observational cosmology. It is usually analysed assuming that, on average, the underlying relation between magnitude and redshift matches the prediction of a…
The Friedmann equation is derived for a Newtonian universe. Changing mass density to energy density gives exactly the Friedmann equation of general relativity. Accounting for work done by pressure then yields the two Einstein equations that…
We point out that although conventional stars are primarily fed by burning of nuclear fuel at their cores, in a strict sense, the process of release of stored gravitational energy, known as, Kelvin - Helmholtz (KH) process is either also…
The calculation of distances is of fundamental importance in extragalactic astronomy and cosmology. However, no practical implementation for the general case has previously been available. We derive a second-order differential equation for…
As the universe expands astronomical observables such as brightness and angular size on the sky change in ways that differ from our simple Cartesian expectation. We show how observed quantities depend on the expansion of space and…
In this letter, we propose a new generalized mass-to-horizon relation to be used in the context of entropic cosmologies and holographic principle scenarios. We show that a general scaling of the mass with the Universe horizon as $M=\gamma…
After a brief introduction to the sixteenth and seventeenth century views of the Universe and the nineteenth century paradox of Olbers, we start the history of the cosmic expansion with Hubble's epochal discovery of the recession velocities…
In this paper we review the two main approaches to the problem of Malmquist bias which have been adopted in the cosmology literature, and show how these two formulations of the problem represent fundamentally different views of the nature…
The cosmological concordance model is consistent with all available observational data, including the apparent distance and redshift relationship for distant supernovae, but it is curious how the Milne cosmological model is able to make…
Considering a n-dimensional general spacetime, we deduce its 4-dimensional Einstein equation and Friedman equations, and discover a general dual relation between the scale factor $a(t)$ of our universe and the scale factor $B(t)$ of extra…
The motion equation of standard cosmology, the Friedmann equation, is based on the stein's equations of gravitational fields. However, British physicist E. A. Milne pointed in 1943 that the same equation could be deduced simply based on the…
One of the keys to understanding the universe is the proper measurement of the relation between the luminosity distance $d_L$ and the angular diameter distance $d_A$. In 1933 Etherington deduced from general relativity the reciprocity…