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We apply a subtracted dispersion relation (DR) formalism with the aim to improve predictions for the two-photon exchange (TPE) corrections to elastic electron-proton scattering observables at small momentum transfers. We study the formalism…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2016-02-01 O. Tomalak

We use the world's data on elastic electron--proton scattering and calculations of two-photon exchange effects to extract corrected values of the proton's electric and magnetic form factors over the full Q^2 range of the existing data. Our…

核实验 · 物理学 2008-11-26 J. Arrington , W. Melnitchouk , J. A. Tjon

Using data samples collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, we measure the Born cross section of $e^{+}e^{-}\rightarrow p\bar{p}$ at 12 center-of-mass energies from 2232.4 to 3671.0 MeV. The corresponding effective…

高能物理 - 实验 · 物理学 2015-06-17 M. Ablikim , M. N. Achasov , X. C. Ai , O. Albayrak , M. Albrecht , D. J. Ambrose , A. Amoroso , F. F. An , Q. An , J. Z. Bai , R. Baldini Ferroli , Y. Ban , D. W. Bennett , J. V. Bennett , M. Bertani , D. Bettoni , J. M. Bian , F. Bianchi , E. Boger , O. Bondarenko , I. Boyko , R. A. Briere , H. Cai , X. Cai , O. Cakir , A. Calcaterra , G. F. Cao , S. A. Cetin , J. F. Chang , G. Chelkov , G. Chen , H. S. Chen , H. Y. Chen , J. C. Chen , M. L. Chen , S. J. Chen , X. Chen , X. R. Chen , Y. B. Chen , H. P. Cheng , X. K. Chu , G. Cibinetto , D. Cronin-Hennessy , H. L. Dai , J. P. Dai , A. Dbeyssi , D. Dedovich , Z. Y. Deng , A. Denig , I. Denysenko , M. Destefanis , F. De Mori , Y. Ding , C. Dong , J. Dong , L. Y. Dong , M. Y. Dong , S. X. Du , P. F. Duan , J. Z. Fan , J. Fang , S. S. Fang , X. Fang , Y. Fang , L. Fava , F. Feldbauer , G. Felici , C. Q. Feng , E. Fioravanti , M. Fritsch , C. D. Fu , Q. Gao , Y. Gao , Z. Gao , I. Garzia , C. Geng , K. Goetzen , W. X. Gong , W. Gradl , M. Greco , M. H. Gu , Y. T. Gu , Y. H. Guan , A. Q. Guo , L. B. Guo , Y. Guo , Y. P. Guo , Z. Haddadi , A. Hafner , S. Han , Y. L. Han , X. Q. Hao , F. A. Harris , K. L. He , Z. Y. He , T. Held , Y. K. Heng , Z. L. Hou , C. Hu , H. M. Hu , J. F. Hu , T. Hu , Y. Hu , G. M. Huang , G. S. Huang , H. P. Huang , J. S. Huang , X. T. Huang , Y. Huang , T. Hussain , Q. Ji , Q. P. Ji , X. B. Ji , X. L. Ji , L. L. Jiang , L. W. Jiang , X. S. Jiang , J. B. Jiao , Z. Jiao , D. P. Jin , S. Jin , T. Johansson , A. Julin , N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki , X. L. Kang , X. S. Kang , M. Kavatsyuk , B. C. Ke , R. Kliemt , B. Kloss , O. B. Kolcu , B. Kopf , M. Kornicer , W. Kuehn , A. Kupsc , W. Lai , J. S. Lange , M. Lara , P. Larin , C. Leng , C. H. Li , Cheng Li , D. M. Li , F. Li , G. Li , H. B. Li , J. C. Li , Jin Li , K. Li , K. Li , Lei Li , P. R. Li , T. Li , W. D. Li , W. G. Li , X. L. Li , X. M. Li , X. N. Li , X. Q. Li , Z. B. Li , H. Liang , Y. F. Liang , Y. T. Liang , G. R. Liao , D. X. Lin , B. J. Liu , C. X. Liu , F. H. Liu , Fang Liu , Feng Liu , H. B. Liu , H. H. Liu , H. H. Liu , H. M. Liu , J. Liu , J. P. Liu , J. Y. Liu , K. Liu , K. Y. Liu , L. D. Liu , P. L. Liu , Q. Liu , S. B. Liu , X. Liu , X. X. Liu , Y. B. Liu , Z. A. Liu , Zhiqiang Liu , Zhiqing Liu , H. Loehner , X. C. Lou , H. J. Lu , J. G. Lu , R. Q. Lu , Y. Lu , Y. P. Lu , C. L. Luo , M. X. Luo , T. Luo , X. L. Luo , M. Lv , X. R. Lyu , F. C. Ma , H. L. Ma , L. L. Ma , Q. M. Ma , S. Ma , T. Ma , X. N. Ma , X. Y. Ma , F. E. Maas , M. Maggiora , Q. A. Malik , Y. J. Mao , Z. P. Mao , S. Marcello , J. G. Messchendorp , J. Min , T. J. Min , R. E. Mitchell , X. H. Mo , Y. J. Mo , C. Morales Morales , K. Moriya , N. Yu. Muchnoi , H. Muramatsu , Y. Nefedov , F. Nerling , I. B. Nikolaev , Z. Ning , S. Nisar , S. L. Niu , X. Y. Niu , S. L. Olsen , Q. Ouyang , S. Pacetti , P. Patteri , M. Pelizaeus , H. P. Peng , K. Peters , J. L. Ping , R. G. Ping , R. Poling , Y. N. Pu , M. Qi , S. Qian , C. F. Qiao , L. Q. Qin , N. Qin , X. S. Qin , Y. Qin , Z. H. Qin , J. F. Qiu , K. H. Rashid , C. F. Redmer , H. L. Ren , M. Ripka , G. Rong , X. D. Ruan , V. Santoro , A. Sarantsev , M. Savrié , K. Schoenning , S. Schumann , W. Shan , M. Shao , C. P. Shen , P. X. Shen , X. Y. Shen , H. Y. Sheng , W. M. Song , X. Y. Song , S. Sosio , S. Spataro , G. X. Sun , J. F. Sun , S. S. Sun , Y. J. Sun , Y. Z. Sun , Z. J. Sun , Z. T. Sun , C. J. Tang , X. Tang , I. Tapan , E. H. Thorndike , M. Tiemens , D. Toth , M. Ullrich , I. Uman , G. S. Varner , B. Wang , B. L. Wang , D. Wang , D. Y. Wang , K. Wang , L. L. Wang , L. S. Wang , M. Wang , P. Wang , P. L. Wang , Q. J. Wang , S. G. Wang , W. Wang , X. F. Wang , Y. D. Wang , Y. F. Wang , Y. Q. Wang , Z. Wang , Z. G. Wang , Z. H. Wang , Z. Y. Wang , T. Weber , D. H. Wei , J. B. Wei , P. Weidenkaff , S. P. Wen , U. Wiedner , M. Wolke , L. H. Wu , Z. Wu , L. G. Xia , Y. Xia , D. Xiao , Z. J. Xiao , Y. G. Xie , Q. L. Xiu , G. F. Xu , L. Xu , Q. J. Xu , Q. N. Xu , X. P. Xu , Z. R. Xu , L. Yan , W. B. Yan , W. C. Yan , Y. H. Yan , H. X. Yang , L. Yang , Y. Yang , Y. X. Yang , H. Ye , M. Ye , M. H. Ye , J. H. Yin , B. X. Yu , C. X. Yu , H. W. Yu , J. S. Yu , C. Z. Yuan , W. L. Yuan , Y. Yuan , A. Yuncu , A. A. Zafar , A. Zallo , Y. Zeng , B. X. Zhang , B. Y. Zhang , C. Zhang , C. C. Zhang , D. H. Zhang , H. H. Zhang , H. Y. Zhang , J. J. Zhang , J. L. Zhang , J. Q. Zhang , J. W. Zhang , J. Y. Zhang , J. Z. Zhang , K. Zhang , L. Zhang , S. H. Zhang , X. Y. Zhang , Y. Zhang , Y. H. Zhang , Y. T. Zhang , Z. H. Zhang , Z. P. Zhang , Z. Y. Zhang , G. Zhao , J. W. Zhao , J. Y. Zhao , J. Z. Zhao , Lei Zhao , Ling Zhao , M. G. Zhao , Q. Zhao , Q. W. Zhao , S. J. Zhao , T. C. Zhao , Y. B. Zhao , Z. G. Zhao , A. Zhemchugov , B. Zheng , J. P. Zheng , W. J. Zheng , Y. H. Zheng , B. Zhong , L. Zhou , Li Zhou , X. Zhou , X. K. Zhou , X. R. Zhou , X. Y. Zhou , K. Zhu , K. J. Zhu , S. Zhu , X. L. Zhu , Y. C. Zhu , Y. S. Zhu , Z. A. Zhu , J. Zhuang , L. Zotti , B. S. Zou , J. H. Zou

Recent theoretical developments in the studies of two-photon exchange effects in elastic electron-proton scattering are reviewed. Two-photon exchange mechanism is considered a likely source of discrepancy between polarized and unpolarized…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2017-08-23 Andrei V. Afanasev

The GEp-III and GEp-2$\gamma$ experiments were carried out in Jefferson Lab's (JLab's) Hall C from 2007-2008, to extend the knowledge of $G_E^p/G_M^p$ to the highest practically achievable $Q^2$ and to search for effects beyond the Born…

Two-photon exchange contributions to elastic electron-proton scattering cross sections are evaluated in a simple hadronic model including the finite size of the proton. The corrections are found to be small in magnitude, but with a strong…

核理论 · 物理学 2008-11-26 P. G. Blunden , W. Melnitchouk , J. A. Tjon

The electric form factor of the neutron was determined from studies of the reaction He3(e,e'n)pp in quasi-elastic kinematics in Hall A at Jefferson Lab. Longitudinally polarized electrons were scattered off a polarized target in which the…

核实验 · 物理学 2011-01-28 S. Riordan , S. Abrahamyan , B. Craver , A. Kelleher , A. Kolarkar , J. Miller , G. D. Cates , N. Liyanage , B. Wojtsekhowski , A. Acha , K. Allada , B. Anderson , K. A. Aniol , J. R. M. Annand , J. Arrington , T. Averett , A. Beck , M. Bellis , W. Boeglin , H. Breuer , J. R. Calarco , A. Camsonne , J. P. Chen , E. Chudakov , L. Coman , B. Crowe , F. Cusanno , D. Day , P. Degtyarenko , P. A. M. Dolph , C. Dutta , C. Ferdi , C. Fernandez-Ramirez , R. Feuerbach , L. M. Fraile , G. Franklin , S. Frullani , S. Fuchs , F. Garibaldi , N. Gevorgyan , R. Gilman , A. Glamazdin , J. Gomez , K. Grimm , J. O. Hansen , J. L. Herraiz , D. W. Higinbotham , R. Holmes , T. Holmstrom , D. Howell , C. W. deJager , X. Jiang , M. K. Jones , J. Katich , L. J. Kaufman , M. Khandaker , J. J. Kelly , D. Kiselev , W. Korsch , J. LeRose , R. Lindgren , P. Markowitz , D. J. Margaziotis , S. May-Tal Beck , S. Mayilyan , K. McCormick , Z. E. Meziani , R. Michaels , B. Moffit , S. Nanda , V. Nelyubin , T. Ngo , D. M. Nikolenko , B. Norum , L. Pentchev , C. F. Perdrisat , E. Piasetzky , R. Pomatsalyuk , D. Protopopescu , A. J. R. Puckett , V. A. Punjabi , X. Qian , Y. Qiang , B. Quinn , I. Rachek , R. D. Ransome , P. E. Reimer , B. Reitz , J. Roche , G. Ron , O. Rondon , G. Rosner , A. Saha , M. Sargsian , B. Sawatzky , J. Segal , M. Shabestari , A. Shahinyan , Yu. Shestakov , J. Singh , S. Sirca , P. Souder , S. Stepanyan , V. Stibunov , V. Sulkosky , S. Tajima , W. A. Tobias , J. M. Udias , G. M. Urciuoli , B. Vlahovic , H. Voskanyan , K. Wang , F. R. Wesselmann , J. R. Vignote , S. A. Wood , J. Wright , H. Yao , X. Zhu

The two-photon-exchange (TPE) effect plays a key role to extract the form factors (FFs) of the proton. In this work, we present some exact properties on the TPE effect in the elastic $ep$ scattering based on four types of typical and…

核理论 · 物理学 2021-09-01 Hui-Yun Cao , Hai-Qing Zhou

One of the most surprising discoveries made at Jefferson Lab has been the discrepancy in the determinations of the proton's form factor ratio $\mu_p G_E^p/G_M^p$ between unpolarized cross section measurements and the polarization transfer…

Two-photon exchange (TPE) contributions to elastic electron-proton scattering in the forward regime and in leading log $\sim t\ln|t|$ approximation in the momentum transfer $|t|$ are considered. The imaginary part of TPE amplitude in these…

核理论 · 物理学 2014-12-03 Mikhail Gorchtein

Due to the inconsistency in the results of the GEp/Gmp ratio of the proton, as extracted from the Rosenbluth and recoil polarization techniques, high precision measurements of the e-p elastic scattering cross sections were made at Q^2 =…

核实验 · 物理学 2009-09-29 Issam A. Qattan

The ratio of the proton's electric to magnetic form factor, G_E/G_M, can be extracted in elastic electron-proton scattering by measuring either cross sections, beam-target asymmetry or recoil polarization. Separate determinations of G_E/G_M…

核实验 · 物理学 2008-11-26 M. K. Jones

The electric form factor of the neutron was determined from measurements of the \vec{d}(\vec{e},e' n)p reaction for quasielastic kinematics. Polarized electrons were scattered off a polarized deuterated ammonia target in which the deuteron…

核实验 · 物理学 2008-11-26 G. Warren , F. R. Wesselmann , H. Zhu , D. Day , P. McKee , N. Savvinov , M. Zeier

Two-photon exchange (TPE) is one of the leading explanations for discrepancies in measurements of the proton electromagnetic form factors. It has been proposed that TPE could impact not only elastic scattering, but also the cross sections…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2026-01-07 Henry T. Klest

The ratio of the proton elastic electromagnetic form factors, $G_{Ep}/G_{Mp}$, was obtained by measuring $P_{t}$ and $P_{\ell}$, the transverse and longitudinal recoil proton polarization components, respectively, for the elastic $\vec e p…

核实验 · 物理学 2014-11-18 V. Punjabi , C. F. Perdrisat

The electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon characterize the effect of its internal structure on its response to an electromagnetic probe as studied in elastic electron-nucleon scattering. These form factors are functions of the squared…

核实验 · 物理学 2015-08-07 Andrew J. R. Puckett

In the one-photon exchange approximation, we analyze polarization effects in the elastic $\vec e \vec p \to e p$ and $ e \vec p \to \vec e p$ processes in the case when the spin quantization axes of a target proton at rest and an incident…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2024-12-20 M. V. Galynskii , V. V. Bytev , V. M. Galynsky

New high precision polarization measurements of the proton elastic form factor ratio in the Q^2 range from 0.3 to 0.7 [GeV/c]^2 have been made. These elastic H(e,e'p) measurements were done in Jefferson Lab's Hall A using 80% longitudinally…

核实验 · 物理学 2010-08-27 D. W. Higinbotham

After recalling the arguments for possible excess of two-photon contribution over $\alpha$-counting, model independent statements about the consequences on the observables will be given. The relevant experimental data are discussed:…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2018-07-04 Egle Tomasi-Gustafsson , Simone Pacetti

We propose possible methods to measure the nucleon electromagnetic form factors in presence of two-photon exchange. Using a general parametrization of the spin structure of the matrix element for elastic $eN$-scattering, in terms of three…

核理论 · 物理学 2009-11-10 M. P. Rekalo , E. Tomasi-Gustafsson