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To better understand the overlapping modular organization of large networks with respect to flow, here we introduce the map equation for overlapping modules. In this information-theoretic framework, we use the correspondence between…

物理与社会 · 物理学 2012-02-03 Alcides Viamontes Esquivel , Martin Rosvall

Comprehending complex systems by simplifying and highlighting important dynamical patterns requires modeling and mapping higher-order network flows. However, complex systems come in many forms and demand a range of representations,…

社会与信息网络 · 计算机科学 2017-10-18 Daniel Edler , Ludvig Bohlin , Martin Rosvall

A wide range of complex systems can be modeled as networks with corresponding constraints on the edges and nodes, which have been extensively studied in recent years. Nowadays, with the progress of information technology, systems that…

物理与社会 · 物理学 2016-05-24 Han Zhang , Chang-Dong Wang , Jian-Huang Lai , Philip S. Yu

Real-world networks are often organized as modules or communities of similar nodes that serve as functional units. These networks are also rich in content, with nodes having distinguishing features or attributes. In order to discover a…

社会与信息网络 · 计算机科学 2014-05-20 Laura M. Smith , Linhong Zhu , Kristina Lerman , Allon G. Percus

The paper investigates the problem of finding communities in complex network systems, the detection of which allows a better understanding of the laws of their functioning. To solve this problem, two approaches are proposed based on the use…

物理与社会 · 物理学 2021-02-23 Olexandr Polishchuk

Many complex systems in nature and society can be described in terms of networks capturing the intricate web of connections among the units they are made of. A key question is how to interpret the global organization of such networks as the…

物理与社会 · 物理学 2007-05-23 Gergely Palla , Imre Derenyi , Illes Farkas , Tamas Vicsek

Complex systems are usually illustrated by networks which captures the topology of the interactions between the entities. To better understand the roles played by the entities in the system one needs to uncover the underlying community…

社会与信息网络 · 计算机科学 2016-05-23 Han Zhang , Chang-Dong Wang , Jian-Huang Lai , Philip S. Yu

A flow approach to community detection in complex network and multilayer network systems is proposed. Two methods have been developed to search for communities in a network system (NS). The first of them is based on the calculation of flow…

物理与社会 · 物理学 2023-09-21 Olexandr Polishchuk

Numerous networked systems feature a structure of nontrivial communities, which often correspond to their functional modules. Such communities have been detected in real-world biological, social and technological systems, as well as in…

物理与社会 · 物理学 2025-07-08 Charo I. del Genio

Many real-world complex networks exhibit a community structure, in which the modules correspond to actual functional units. Identifying these communities is a key challenge for scientists. A common approach is to search for the network…

物理与社会 · 物理学 2016-12-22 Federico Botta , Charo I. del Genio

Networks (or graphs) are used to model the dyadic relations between entities in a complex system. In cases where there exists multiple relations between the entities, the complex system can be represented as a multilayer network, where the…

社会与信息网络 · 计算机科学 2019-10-04 Abhishek Santra , Sanjukta Bhowmick , Sharma Chakravarthy

Layered neural networks have greatly improved the performance of various applications including image processing, speech recognition, natural language processing, and bioinformatics. However, it is still difficult to discover or interpret…

机器学习 · 统计学 2017-10-05 Chihiro Watanabe , Kaoru Hiramatsu , Kunio Kashino

Complex networks contain various interactions among similar or different entities. These kinds of networks are called multi-relational networks, in which each layer corresponds to a special type of interaction. Multi-relational networks are…

社会与信息网络 · 计算机科学 2021-04-02 Zahra Roozbahani , Hanif Emamgholizadeh , Jalal Rezaeenour , Mahshid Hajialikhani

Many network systems are composed of interdependent but distinct types of interactions, which cannot be fully understood in isolation. These different types of interactions are often represented as layers, attributes on the edges or as a…

物理与社会 · 物理学 2015-10-13 Tiago P. Peixoto

Networks are commonly used to model complex systems. The different entities in the system are represented by nodes of the network and their interactions by edges. In most real life systems, the different entities may interact in different…

社会与信息网络 · 计算机科学 2024-01-17 Meiby Ortiz-Bouza , Selin Aviyente

Many real-world networks represent dynamic systems with interactions that change over time, often in uncoordinated ways and at irregular intervals. For example, university students connect in intermittent groups that repeatedly form and…

物理与社会 · 物理学 2018-06-27 Ulf Aslak , Martin Rosvall , Sune Lehmann

Community detection is of great importance for understand-ing graph structure in social networks. The communities in real-world networks are often overlapped, i.e. some nodes may be a member of multiple clusters. How to uncover the…

社会与信息网络 · 计算机科学 2015-01-09 Kuang Zhou , Arnaud Martin , Quan Pan

To comprehend the hierarchical organization of large integrated systems, we introduce the hierarchical map equation, which reveals multilevel structures in networks. In this information-theoretic approach, we exploit the duality between…

物理与社会 · 物理学 2011-04-12 M. Rosvall , C. T. Bergstrom

Multilayer networks are in the focus of the current complex network study. In such networks multiple types of links may exist as well as many attributes for nodes. To fully use multilayer -- and other types of complex networks in…

物理与社会 · 物理学 2023-05-23 Hannu Reittu , Lasse Leskelä , Tomi Räty

Many networks in nature, society and technology are characterized by a mesoscopic level of organization, with groups of nodes forming tightly connected units, called communities or modules, that are only weakly linked to each other.…

物理与社会 · 物理学 2009-03-11 Andrea Lancichinetti , Santo Fortunato , Janos Kertesz
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