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Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) is indispensable in modern materials science, enabling high-resolution imaging across a wide range of structural, chemical, and functional investigations. However, SEM imaging remains constrained by…

The transmission electron microscope (TEM) has become an essential tool for innovation in nanoscience, material science, and biology. Despite these instruments being widely used across both industry and academia, academics may hesitate to…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2022-12-07 Patrick McBean , Zachary Milne , Arjun Kanthawar , Cameron O'Byrne , Khalid Hattar , Lewys Jones

The scanning electron microscope (SEM) delivers high resolution, high depth of focus and an image quality as if microscopic objects are seen by the naked eye. This makes it not only a powerful scientific instrument, but a tool inherently…

应用物理 · 物理学 2025-04-01 Casimir Kuzyk , Alexander Dimitrakopoulos , Alireza Nojeh

In this work, we derived formulae concerning the electric and magnetic field characteristics of a focused radially polarized Gaussian vector beam. Such a beam is consistent with Maxwell's equations contrary to plane waves having uniform…

光学 · 物理学 2024-06-04 László Pálfalvi , Zerihun Tadele Godana , János Hebling

Achieving strong focusing of MeV electron beams is a critical requirement for advanced beam applications such as compact laboratory X-ray sources, high gradient accelerators, and ultrafast electron scattering instrumentation. To address…

加速器物理 · 物理学 2025-05-01 T. Xu , C. J. R. Duncan , P. Denham , B. H. Schaap , A. Kulkarni , D. Garcia , S. D. Anderson , P. Musumeci , R. J. England

The Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Electron-Dispersive Spectroscope (EDS) are two highly effective instruments in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology. The quality of these instruments is determined by various factors, with…

应用物理 · 物理学 2023-10-24 Hamidreza Moradi , Fatemeh Mehradnia

We extend a previous analysis of spatial correlation functions for classical electromagnetic vector fields near a perfectly conducting boundary [PRE, vol. 73, 036604 (2006)] to the case of an isotropic semi-infinite medium with planar…

光学 · 物理学 2009-11-13 Luk R. Arnaut

We discuss the optical properties of the solar gravitational lens (SGL). We estimate the power of the EM field received by an imaging telescope. Studying the behavior of the EM field at the photometric detector, we develop expressions that…

天体物理仪器与方法 · 物理学 2020-02-14 Slava G. Turyshev , Viktor T. Toth

This paper describes theoretical modelling of electrostatic lenses based on 3, 4 and 5 closely spaced cylindrical electrodes, respectively. In each case, modelling is carried out numerically using commercial packages SIMION and LENSYS, and…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2009-11-11 Omer Sise , Melike Ulu , Mevlut Dogan

In an injector system of an X-ray free electron laser (XFEL), solenoid lenses are typically used to confine low-emittance electron beams to low-energy region below a few MeV. Because non-thermionic emittance at such a low-energy region is…

加速器物理 · 物理学 2024-07-15 Kazuaki Togawa

We discuss the propagation of electromagnetic (EM) waves in the post-Newtonian approximation of the general theory of relativity. We consider diffraction of EM waves in the static gravitational field of a massive monopole. We develop a…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2017-04-25 Slava G. Turyshev

Electron beam energies in Transmission Electron Microscopes (TEMs) reach the relativistic realm constituting Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) the appropriate framework for the study of electron matter interaction in TEMs. We focus on the…

原子物理 · 物理学 2026-01-12 Ioannis Iatrakis , Valerii Brudanin

We continue to study the optical properties of the solar gravitational lens (SGL). The aim is prospective applications of the SGL for imaging purposes. We investigate the solution of Maxwell's equations for the electromagnetic (EM) field,…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2021-07-08 Slava G. Turyshev , Viktor T. Toth

Magnetic guiding fields in combination with energy dispersive semiconductor detectors have been employed already more than 50 years ago for in-beam internal conversion electron spectroscopy. Even then it was recognized that efficiency…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2015-03-25 H. Backe

We consider the propagation of electromagnetic (EM) waves in the gravitational field of the Sun within the first post-Newtonian approximation of the general theory of relativity. We solve Maxwell's equations for the EM field propagating on…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2018-05-29 Slava G. Turyshev , Viktor T. Toth

*To be published in Springer Handbook of Surface Science (Springer Verlag) [Preprint]* The capability to display images containing chemical, magnetic and structural information and to perform spectroscopy and diffraction from a {\mu}m-sized…

介观与纳米尺度物理 · 物理学 2018-12-06 Alessandro Sala

Point-spread function of the probe forming optics ($PSF_{optics} $) is reported for the first time in an uncorrected (without multipole correctors) scanning electron microscope (SEM). In an SEM, the electron probe information is lost as the…

材料科学 · 物理学 2024-07-02 Surya Kamal , Richard K. Hailstone

As a lens capable of sending images of deep sub-wavelength objects to the far field, the hyperlens has garnered significant attention for its super-resolution and magnification capabilities. However, traditional hyperlenses require extreme…

光学 · 物理学 2025-03-18 Tao Hou , Huanyang Chen

A planar hyper-lens, capable of creating sub-wavelength imaging for broadband electromagnetic wave, is designed based on electromagnetic null medium. Subsequently, a scheme for the implementation of the proposed hyper-lens is given by using…

应用物理 · 物理学 2024-11-11 Ran Sun , Fei Sun , Hanchuan Chen , Yichao Liu , Qi Wang

This dissertation presents a new coupled electro-mechanical model that is an improvement on the classical parallel-plate approximation. The model employs a hyperbolic function to account for the beam deformed shape and electrostatic field.…

应用物理 · 物理学 2017-08-24 Xi Luo
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