相关论文: Limitations of gauge invariance

The relationship between various methods to calculate the physical degrees of freedom for gauge invariant systems of a general form is established. The set of hidden parameters caused for the superfluous degrees of freedom is revealed.

The well-known discrepancies between covariant and non-covariant formalisms in quantum field theory and quantum cosmology are analyzed by focusing on the Coulomb gauge for vacuum Maxwell theory. On studying a flat Euclidean background with…

After revealing difficulties of the standard time-dependent perturbation theory in quantum mechanics mainly from the viewpoint of practical calculation, we propose a new quasi-canonical perturbation theory. In the new theory, the dynamics…

A quantum measurement involves energy exchanges between the system to be measured and the measuring apparatus. Some of them involve energy losses, for example because energy is dissipated into the environment or is spent in recording the…

We study the properties of a non-abelian gauge theory subjected to a gauge invariant constraint given by the classical equations of motion. The constraint is not imposed by hand, but appears naturally when we study a particular type of…

We examine the behaviour of a charged particle in a two-dimensional confining potential, in the presence of a magnetic field. The confinement serves to remove the otherwise infinite degeneracy, but additional ingredients are required to…

The role of the gauge invariance in noncommutative field theory is discussed. A basic introduction to noncommutative geometry and noncommutative field theory is given. Background invariant formulation of Wilson lines is proposed. Duality…

We provide an extended acount of the recent statistical mechanical theory of gauge invariance against operator shifting in quantum many-body systems (arXiv:2509.20494). The gauge transformation is enacted by a shifting superoperator that…

We investigate gauge invariance against phase space shifting in nonequilibrium systems, as represented by time-dependent many-body Hamiltonians that drive an initial ensemble out of thermal equilibrium. The theory gives rise to gauge…

In undergraduate electromagnetism courses, the Lorenz gauge condition is often presented as a convenient mathematical choice that decouples the wave equations for the scalar and vector potentials. While true, this presentation may leave…

We investigate the gauge invariance of the dynamic (ac) Stark shift under "hybrid" gauge transformations from the "length" (E.r) to the "velocity" (A.p) gauge. By a "hybrid" gauge transformation, we understand a transformation in which the…

The structure of electrodynamics based on the variational principle together with causality and space-time homogeneity is analyzed. It is proved that in this case the 4-potential is defined uniquely. Therefore, the approach where Maxwell…

We consider the construction of gauge theories of gravity that are invariant under local conformal transformations. We first clarify the geometric nature of global conformal transformations, in both their infinitesimal and finite forms, and…

The interpretations of solutions of Einstein field's equations led to the prediction and the observation of physical phenomena which confirm the important role of general relativity, as well as other relativistic theories in physics. In…

Gauge-invariant quantum fields are constructed in an Abelian power-counting renormalizable gauge theory with both scalar, vector and fermionic matter content. This extends previous results already obtained for the gauge-invariant…

We review the present status of gauge theories built on various quantum space-times described by noncommutative space-times. The mathematical tools and notions underlying their construction are given. Different formulations of gauge theory…

The role of the measurement process in resolving the gauge ambiguity of the effective gravitational potential is reexamined. The motion of a classical point-like particle in the field of an arbitrary linear source, and in the field of…

Modern undergraduate textbooks in electricity and magnetism typically focus on a force representation of electrodynamics with an emphasis on Maxwell's Equations and the Lorentz Force Law. The vector potential $\mathbf{A}$ and scalar…

Rigid gauge invariance comprises the symmetry content for physical quantities in a local gauge theory. Its derivation from BRS invariance is thus crucial for determining the physical consequences of the symmetry.

We study the properties of the energy-momentum tensor of gauge fields coupled to matter in non-commutative (Moyal) space. In general, the non-commutativity affects the usual conservation law of the tensor as well as its transformation…