相关论文: A Note on Kolmogorov-Uspensky Machines

The power of real-time Turing machines using sublinear space is investigated. In contrast to a claim appearing in the literature, such machines can accept non-regular languages, even if working in deterministic mode. While maintaining a…

We solve some decision problems for timed automata which were recently raised by S. Tripakis in [ Folk Theorems on the Determinization and Minimization of Timed Automata, in the Proceedings of the International Workshop FORMATS'2003, LNCS,…

Some defenders of so-called `artificial intelligence' believe that machines can understand language. In particular, S{\o}gaard has argued in this journal for a thesis of this sort, on the basis of the idea (1) that where there is semantics…

We prove in this paper that there is a language $L_s$ accepted by some nondeterministic Turing machine that runs within time $O(n^k)$ for any positive integer $k\in\mathbb{N}_1$ but not by any ${\rm co}\mathcal{NP}$ machines. Then we…

We introduce an affine generalization of counter automata, and analyze their ability as well as affine finite automata. Our contributions are as follows. We show that there is a language that can be recognized by exact realtime affine…

We examine the minimum amount of memory for real-time, as opposed to one-way, computation accepting nonregular languages. We consider deterministic, nondeterministic and alternating machines working within strong, middle and weak space, and…

Counter automata are more powerful versions of finite-state automata where addition and subtraction operations are permitted on a set of n integer registers, called counters. We show that the word problem of $\Z^n$ is accepted by a…

We present several new results on minimal space requirements to recognize a nonregular language: (i) realtime nondeterministic Turing machines can recognize a nonregular unary language within weak $\log\log n$ space, (ii) $\log\log n$ is a…

We study the class of languages that have membership proofs which can be verified by real-time finite-state machines using only a constant number of random bits, regardless of the size of their inputs. Since any further restriction on the…

We consider how the languages of $G$-automata compare with other formal language classes. We prove that if the word problem of a group $G$ is accepted by a machine in the class $\mathcal M$ then the language of any $G$-automaton is in the…

The {\em diagonalization technique} was invented by Georg Cantor to show that there are more real numbers than algebraic numbers and is very crucial in {\em theoretical computer science}. In this work, we enumerate all of the…

Reversible forms of computations are often interesting from an energy efficiency point of view. When the computation device in question is an automaton, it is known that the minimal reversible automaton recognizing a given language is not…

A Wheeler automaton is a finite state automaton whose states admit a total Wheeler order, reflecting the co-lexicographic order of the strings labeling source-to-node paths. A Wheeler language is a regular language admitting an accepting…

Comprehension of spoken natural language is an essential component for robots to communicate with human effectively. However, handling unconstrained spoken instructions is challenging due to (1) complex structures including a wide variety…

We investigate computational resources used by Turing machines (TMs) and alternating Turing machines (ATMs) to accept languages generated by coordinated table selective substitution systems with two components. We prove that the class of…

Vision language models (VLMs) are AI systems paired with both language and vision encoders to process multimodal input. They are capable of performing complex semantic tasks such as automatic captioning, but it remains an open question…

Machine comprehension of text is an important problem in natural language processing. A recently released dataset, the Stanford Question Answering Dataset (SQuAD), offers a large number of real questions and their answers created by humans…

We present a new approach to formal language theory using Kolmogorov complexity. The main results presented here are an alternative for pumping lemma(s), a new characterization for regular languages, and a new method to separate…

It is well known that the "store language" of every pushdown automaton -- the set of store configurations (state and stack contents) that can appear as an intermediate step in accepting computations -- is a regular language. Here many…

An {\omega}-language is a set of infinite words over a finite alphabet X. We consider the class of recursive {\omega}-languages, i.e. the class of {\omega}-languages accepted by Turing machines with a B\"uchi acceptance condition, which is…