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The security issues facing quantum key distribution (QKD) are explained, herein focusing on those issues that are cryptographic and information theoretic in nature and not those based on physics. The problem of security criteria is…

The use of quantum cryptography in everyday applications has gained attention in both industrial and academic fields. Due to advancements in quantum electronics, practical quantum devices are already available in the market, and ready for…

This study proposes a new lightweight quantum key distribution (LQKD) protocol based on the four-particle cluster state within a quantum-restricted environment. The protocol enables a quantum-capable user to simultaneously establish two…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows two spatially separated parties to securely generate a cryptographic key. The first QKD protocol, published by C. H. Bennett and G. Brassard in 1984 (BB84), describes how this is achieved by…

An application of quantum communications is the transmission of qubits to create shared symmetric encryption keys in a process called Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). Contrary to public-private key encryption, symmetric encryption is safe…

For more than a decade, it was believed that unconditionally secure quantum bit commitment (QBC) is impossible. But basing on a previously proposed quantum key distribution scheme using orthogonal states, here we build a QBC protocol in…

The security of conventional cryptography systems is threatened in the forthcoming era of quantum computers. Quantum key distribution (QKD) features fundamentally proven security and offers a promising option for quantum-proof cryptography…

Establishing secure data communication necessitates secure key exchange over a public channel. Quantum key distribution (QKD), which leverages the principles of quantum physics, can achieve this with information-theoretic security. The…

Semi-quantum key distribution protocols are designed to allow two parties to establish a shared secret key, secure against an all-powerful adversary, even when one of the users is restricted to measuring and preparing quantum states in one…

Key establishment is a crucial primitive for building secure channels: in a multi-party setting, it allows two parties using only public authenticated communication to establish a secret session key which can be used to encrypt messages.…

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is currently being discussed as a technology to safeguard communication in a future where quantum computers compromise traditional public-key cryptosystems. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive security…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) can be used to establish a secret key between trusted parties. Many practical use-cases in communication networks, however, involve parties who do not trust each other. A fundamental cryptographic building…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a cryptographic method enabling two parties to establish a private encryption key. The range of communication of ground-based QKD is limited to an order of 100km, due to in-fibre attenuations and…

High-dimensional quantum key distribution (QKD) allows to achieve information-theoretic secure communications, providing high key generation rates which cannot in principle be obtained by QKD protocols with binary encoding. Nonetheless, the…

We present an overview of quantum key distribution (QKD), a secure key exchange method based on the quantum laws of physics rather than computational complexity. We also provide an overview of the two most widely used commodity security…

The coding space in quantum communication could be expanded to high-dimensional space by using orbital angular momentum (OAM) states of photons, as both the capacity of the channel and security are enhanced. Here we present a novel approach…

We address continuous variable quantum key distribution (QKD) in non-Markovian lossy channels and show how the non-Markovian features may be exploited to enhance security and/or to detect the presence and the position of an eavesdropper…

In this paper we explore how recent technologies can improve the security of optical networks. In particular, we study how to use quantum key distribution (QKD) in common optical network infrastructures and propose a method to overcome its…

We prove unconditional security for a quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol based on distilling pbits (twisted ebits) [quant-ph/0309110] from an arbitrary untrusted state that is claimed to contain distillable key. Our main result is that…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a technique to establish a secret key between two parties through a quantum channel. Several QKD protocols have been proposed and implemented over optical fibers or free space links. The main challenge of…