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Bayesian games model interactive decision-making where players have incomplete information -- e.g., regarding payoffs and private data on players' strategies and preferences -- and must actively reason and update their belief models (with…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2024-05-24 Zuyuan Zhang , Mahdi Imani , Tian Lan

Counterfactual Regret Minimization (CFR) and its variants are widely recognized as effective algorithms for solving extensive-form imperfect information games. Recently, many improvements have been focused on enhancing the convergence speed…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-10-29 Ju Qi , Falin Hei , Ting Feng , Dengbing Yi , Zhemei Fang , Yunfeng Luo

Regret matching (RM) -- and its modern variants -- is a foundational online algorithm that has been at the heart of many AI breakthrough results in solving benchmark zero-sum games, such as poker. Yet, surprisingly little is known so far in…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2025-11-18 Ioannis Anagnostides , Emanuel Tewolde , Brian Hu Zhang , Ioannis Panageas , Vincent Conitzer , Tuomas Sandholm

The existence of simple, uncoupled no-regret dynamics that converge to correlated equilibria in normal-form games is a celebrated result in the theory of multi-agent systems. Specifically, it has been known for more than 20 years that when…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2022-09-05 Andrea Celli , Alberto Marchesi , Gabriele Farina , Nicola Gatti

The literature on game-theoretic equilibrium finding predominantly focuses on single games or their repeated play. Nevertheless, numerous real-world scenarios feature playing a game sampled from a distribution of similar, but not identical…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2024-02-21 David Sychrovský , Michal Šustr , Elnaz Davoodi , Michael Bowling , Marc Lanctot , Martin Schmid

The long-run behavior of multi-agent learning - and, in particular, no-regret learning - is relatively well-understood in potential games, where players have aligned interests. By contrast, in harmonic games - the strategic counterpart of…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2024-12-31 Davide Legacci , Panayotis Mertikopoulos , Christos H. Papadimitriou , Georgios Piliouras , Bary S. R. Pradelski

Regret minimization has played a key role in online learning, equilibrium computation in games, and reinforcement learning (RL). In this paper, we describe a general model-free RL method for no-regret learning based on repeated…

Extensive-form games are a common model for multiagent interactions with imperfect information. In two-player zero-sum games, the typical solution concept is a Nash equilibrium over the unconstrained strategy set for each player. In many…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2019-02-07 Trevor Davis , Kevin Waugh , Michael Bowling

In game theory, imperfect-recall decision problems model situations in which an agent forgets information it held before. They encompass games such as the ``absentminded driver'' and team games with limited communication. In this paper, we…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2026-02-18 Emanuel Tewolde , Brian Hu Zhang , Ioannis Anagnostides , Tuomas Sandholm , Vincent Conitzer

Counterfactual Regret Minimization and variants (e.g. Public Chance Sampling CFR and Pure CFR) have been known as the best approaches for creating approximate Nash equilibrium solutions for imperfect information games such as poker. This…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2014-07-21 Oskari Tammelin

This paper studies the optimistic variant of Fictitious Play for learning in two-player zero-sum games. While it is known that Optimistic FTRL -- a regularized algorithm with a bounded stepsize parameter -- obtains constant regret in this…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-15 John Lazarsfeld , Georgios Piliouras , Ryann Sim , Stratis Skoulakis

The Counterfactual Regret Minimization (CFR) algorithm and its variants have enabled the development of pokerbots capable of beating the best human players in heads-up (1v1) cash games and competing with them in six-player formats. However,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-24 Narada Maugin , Tristan Cazenave

We study fast rates of convergence in the setting of nonparametric online regression, namely where regret is defined with respect to an arbitrary function class which has bounded complexity. Our contributions are two-fold: - In the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-04-13 Constantinos Daskalakis , Noah Golowich

Regret minimization is a powerful tool for solving large-scale problems; it was recently used in breakthrough results for large-scale extensive-form game solving. This was achieved by composing simplex regret minimizers into an overall…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-02-19 Gabriele Farina , Christian Kroer , Tuomas Sandholm

The CFR framework has been a powerful tool for solving large-scale extensive-form games in practice. However, the theoretical rate at which past CFR-based algorithms converge to the Nash equilibrium is on the order of $O(T^{-1/2})$, where…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2019-02-14 Gabriele Farina , Christian Kroer , Noam Brown , Tuomas Sandholm

Recent techniques for approximating Nash equilibria in very large games leverage neural networks to learn approximately optimal policies (strategies). One promising line of research uses neural networks to approximate counterfactual regret…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2022-10-12 Stephen McAleer , Gabriele Farina , Marc Lanctot , Tuomas Sandholm

A recent line of work has established uncoupled learning dynamics such that, when employed by all players in a game, each player's \emph{regret} after $T$ repetitions grows polylogarithmically in $T$, an exponential improvement over the…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2022-10-18 Gabriele Farina , Ioannis Anagnostides , Haipeng Luo , Chung-Wei Lee , Christian Kroer , Tuomas Sandholm

Reinforcement learning (RL) so far has limited real-world applications. One key challenge is that typical RL algorithms heavily rely on a reset mechanism to sample proper initial states; these reset mechanisms, in practice, are expensive to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-07-25 Hoai-An Nguyen , Ching-An Cheng

The Nash Equilibrium (NE) assumes rational play in imperfect-information Extensive-Form Games (EFGs) but fails to ensure optimal strategies for off-equilibrium branches of the game tree, potentially leading to suboptimal outcomes in…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2025-08-12 Hang Ren , Xiaozhen Sun , Tianzi Ma , Jiajia Zhang , Xuan Wang

Counterfactual Regret Minimization (CFR) algorithms are widely used to compute a Nash equilibrium (NE) in two-player zero-sum imperfect-information extensive-form games (IIGs). Among them, Predictive CFR$^+$ (PCFR$^+$) is particularly…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-14 Linjian Meng , Tianpei Yang , Youzhi Zhang , Zhenxing Ge , Yang Gao