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ORIGIN is a proposal for the M3 mission call of ESA aimed at the study of metal creation from the epoch of cosmic dawn. Using high-spectral resolution in the soft X-ray band, ORIGIN will be able to identify the physical conditions of all…

天体物理仪器与方法 · 物理学 2012-10-17 J. W. den Herder , L. Piro , T. Ohashi , C. Kouveliotou , D. H. Hartmann , J. S. Kaastra , L. Amati , M. I. Andersen , M. Arnaud , J-L. Attéia , S. Bandler , M. Barbera , X. Barcons , S. Barthelmy , S. Basa , S. Basso , M. Boer , E. Branchini , G. Branduardi-Raymont , S. Borgani , A. Boyarsky , G. Brunetti , C. Budtz-Jorgensen , D. Burrows , N. Butler , S. Campana , E. Caroli , M. Ceballos , F. Christensen , E. Churazov , A. Comastri , L. Colasanti , R. Cole , R. Content , A. Corsi , E. Costantini , P. Conconi , G. Cusumano , J. de Plaa , A. De Rosa , M. Del Santo , S. Di Cosimo , M. De Pasquale , R. Doriese , S. Ettori , P. Evans , Y. Ezoe , L. Ferrari , H. Finger , T. Figueroa-Feliciano , P. Friedrich , R. Fujimoto , A. Furuzawa , J. Fynbo , F. Gatti , M. Galeazzi , N. Gehrels , B. Gendre , G. Ghirlanda , G. Ghisellini , M. Gilfanov , P. Giommi , M. Girardi , J. Grindlay , M. Cocchi , O. Godet , M. Guedel , F. Haardt , R. den Hartog , I. Hepburn , W. Hermsen , J. Hjorth , H. Hoekstra , A. Holland , A. Hornstrup , A. van der Horst , A. Hoshino , J. in 't Zand , K. Irwin , Y. Ishisaki , P. Jonker , T. Kitayama , H. Kawahara , N. Kawai , R. Kelley , C. Kilbourne , P. de Korte , A. Kusenko , I. Kuvvetli , M. Labanti , C. Macculi , R. Maiolino , M. Mas Hesse , K. Matsushita , P. Mazzotta , D. McCammon , M. Méndez , R. Mignani , T. Mineo , K. Mitsuda , R. Mushotzky , S. Molendi , L. Moscardini , L. Natalucci , F. Nicastro , P. O'Brien , J. Osborne , F. Paerels , M. Page , S. Paltani , K. Pedersen , E. Perinati , T. Ponman , E. Pointecouteau , P. Predehl , S. Porter , A. Rasmussen , G. Rauw , H. Röttgering , M. Roncarelli , P. Rosati , E. Quadrini , O. Ruchayskiy , R. Salvaterra , S. Sasaki , K. Sato , S. Savaglio , J. Schaye , S. Sciortino , M. Shaposhnikov , R. Sharples , K. Shinozaki , D. Spiga , R. Sunyaev , Y. Suto , Y. Takei , N. Tanvir , M. Tashiro , T. Tamura , Y. Tawara , E. Troja , M. Tsujimoto , T. Tsuru , P. Ubertini , J. Ullom , E. Ursino , F. Verbunt , F. van de Voort , M. Viel , S. Wachter , D. Watson , M. Weisskopf , N. Werner , N. White , R. Willingale , R. Wijers , N. Yamasaki , K. Yoshikawa , S. Zane

With approximately one ninth of Earth's mass, Mars is widely considered to be a stranded planetary embryo that never became a fully-grown planet. A currently popular planet formation theory predicts that Mars formed near Earth and Venus and…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2017-05-03 R. Brasser , S. J. Mojzsis , S. Matsumura , S. Ida

The timeline of the lunar bombardment in the first Gy of the Solar System remains unclear. Some basin-forming impacts occurred 3.9-3.7Gy ago. Many other basins formed before, but their exact ages are not precisely known. There are two…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2018-01-12 A. Morbidelli , D. Nesvorny , V. Laurenz , S. Marchi , D. C. Rubie , L. Elkins-Tanton , M. Wieczorek , S. Jacobson

The Capture Theory gives planet production through a tidal interaction between a condensed star and a diffuse protostar within a dense embedded cluster. Initial extensive and highly eccentric planetary orbits round-off and decay in a…

综合物理 · 物理学 2017-09-22 Michael Woolfson

We estimate the maximum temperature at which planets can form via gravitational instability (GI) in the outskirts of early circumstellar disks. We show that due to the temperature floor set by the cosmic microwave background, there is a…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-12 Jarrett L. Johnson , Hui Li

Earth's mantle nitrogen (N) content is comparable to that found in its N-rich atmosphere. Mantle N has been proposed to be primordial or sourced by later subduction, yet its origin has not been elucidated. Here we model N partitioning…

地球物理 · 物理学 2022-05-02 H. Kurokawa , M. Laneuville , Y. Li , N. Zhang , Y. Fujii , H. Sakuraba , C. Houser , H. J. Cleaves

MESSENGER observations suggest a magma ocean formed on proto-Mercury, during which evaporation of metals and outgassing of C- and H-bearing volatiles produced an early atmosphere. Atmospheric escape subsequently occurred by plasma heating,…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2022-02-28 Noah Jäggi , Diana Gamborino , Dan J. Bower , Paolo A. Sossi , Aaron S. Wolf , Apurva V. Oza , Audrey Vorburger , André Galli , Peter Wurz

The angular momentum of the Earth-Moon system was initially dominated by Earth's rotation with a short solar day of around 5 hours duration. Since then, Earth gradually transferred angular momentum through tidal friction to the orbit of the…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2023-01-20 Tom Eulenfeld , Christoph Heubeck

It is known that most of the craters on the surface of the Moon were created by the collision of minor bodies of the Solar System. Main Belt Asteroids, which can approach the terrestrial planets as a consequence of different types of…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2010-04-12 Elisa Maria Alessi , Gerard Gómez , Josep J. Masdemont

The intense activity of cratering on the Moon and in the inner regions of the solar system was accomplished during the first 10^9 years [1]. Occasionally, some impact events occur even nowadays. In Section 1, we treat, from a historical…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2007-05-23 Giovanni Imponente , Costantino Sigismondi

In order to examine the ``giant impact hypothesis'' for the Moon formation, we run the first grid-based, high-resolution hydrodynamic simulations for an impact between proto-Earth and a proto-planet. The spatial resolution for the…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-11 Keiichi Wada , Eiichiro Kokubo , Junichiro Makino

The origin and evolution of Martian moons have been intensively debated in recent years. It is proposed that Phobos and Deimos may originate directly from a splitting of an ancestral moon orbiting at around the Martian synchronous orbit. At…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2022-08-23 Ryuki Hyodo , Hidenori Genda , Ryosuke Sekiguchi , Gustavo Madeira , Sébastien Charnoz

Almost all the planets of our solar system have moons. Each planetary system has however unique characteristics. The Martian system has not one single big moon like the Earth, not tens of moons of various sizes like for the giant planets,…

A circumsolar dust ring has been recently discovered close to the orbit of Mercury. There are currently no hypotheses for the origin of this ring in the literature, so we explore four different origin scenarios here: the dust originated…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2023-01-25 Petr Pokorny , Ariel N. Deutsch , Marc J. Kuchner

It is now well established that Kepler's supernova remnant is the result of a Type Ia explosion. With an age of 407 years, and an angular diameter of ~ 4', Kepler is estimated to be between 3.0 and 7.0 kpc distant. Unlike other Galactic…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2015-06-05 Daniel J. Patnaude , Carles Badenes , Sangwook Park , J. Martin Laming

Crystallization of the lunar magma ocean yielded a chemically unique liquid residuum named KREEP. This component is expressed as a large patch on the near side of the Moon, and a possible smaller patch in the northwest portion of the Moon's…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2025-01-28 Nicolas Dauphas , Zhe J. Zhang , Xi Chen , Mélanie Barboni , Dawid Szymanowski , Blair Schoene , Ingo Leya , Kevin D. McKeegan

During planet formation, a gas giant will interact with smaller protoplanets that stray within its sphere of gravitational influence. We investigate the outcome of interactions between gas giants and terrestrial-sized protoplanets with…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-13 J. H. Debes , S. Sigurdsson

We formulated tidal decay lifetimes for hypothetical moons orbiting extrasolar planets with both lunar and stellar tides. Previous work neglected the effect of lunar tides on planet rotation, and are therefore applicable only to systems in…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-05 Takashi Sasaki , Jason W. Barnes , David P. O'Brien

Here we show preliminary calculations of the cooling and contraction of a 2 MJ planet. These calculations, which are being extended to 1-10 MJ, differ from other published "cooling tracks" in that they include a core accretion-gas capture…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2016-08-30 J. J. Fortney , M. S. Marley , O. Hubickyj , P. Bodenheimer , J. J. Lissauer

We use Gaia DR2 astrometric and photometric data, published radial velocities and MESA models to infer distances, orbits, surface gravities, and effective temperatures for all ultra metal-poor stars ($\FeH<-4.0$ dex) available in the…