相关论文: General Form of Color Charge of the Quark
The covariant Maxwell equations are derived from the continuity equation for the electric charge. This result provides an axiomatic approach to Maxwell's equations in which charge conservation is emphasized as the fundamental axiom…
Color confinement by the mechanism of Kugo and Ojima can treat confinement of any quantized color carrying fields including dynamical quarks. However, the non-perturbative condition for this confinement has been known to be satisfied only…
Despite the fact that the integral form of the equations of classical electrodynamics is well known, the same is not true for non-abelian gauge theories. The aim of the present paper is threefold. First, we present the integral form of the…
We study the equations of motion of the SU(3) Yang-Mills theory. Since the gluons, at scales of the order of 1 $fm$, can be considered as classical fields, we suppose that the gauge fields ($A_\mu^a$) of this theory are the gluonic fields…
We prove there exists a charge solution to the 1-dimensional wave equation, and a corresponding current, such that the pair satisfy the continuity equation. We show that when they are extended to a smooth solution of the continuity equation…
We study the colour-dependence of scattering amplitudes in Yang-Mills theory with arbitrary (but fixed) gauge group and various representations of charged matter. When the rank of the gauge theory is taken arbitrarily large compared to the…
We use gauge/string duality to investigate the free energy of two static color sources (a heavy quark-antiquark pair) in a Yang-Mills theory in strongly interacting matter, varying temperature and chemical potential. The dual space geometry…
In QCD at high density, the color-octet quark-antiquark condensate $\langle\overline\psi\gamma_0(\lambda^A)_C (\lambda^A)_F\psi\rangle$ is generally nonzero and dynamically breaks the $\mathrm{SU}(3)_C\times…
Abelian and nonabelian gauge invariant states are directly compared to revisit how the unconfined abelian theory is expressed. It is argued that the Yang-Mills equations have no obvious physical content apart from their relation to…
By doing a small $c$ (speed of light) expansion of $SU(N)$ Yang-Mills fields, we construct two different electric and two different magnetic sectors actions of Carrollian Yang-Mills theory. For both electric and magnetic cases, one sector…
Ratio of electron charge radius and Compton wavelength of electron is known to be equal to the dimensionless electromagnetic coupling constant $e^2 /\hbar c$. It is pointed out that the coupling constant has two alternative interpretations:…
We derive the covariant equations of motion for Maxwell field theory and electrodynamics in multiscale spacetimes with weighted Laplacian. An effective spacetime-dependent electric charge of geometric origin naturally emerges from the…
We consider a hydrodynamic approach in which a quantum system of interacting quarks and gluons is approximated classically by representing it as a perfect fluid having intrinsic degrees of freedom. Every particle of such fluid is endowed…
We consider two fundamental long-standing problems in quantum chromodynamics (QCD): the origin of color confinement and structure of a true vacuum and color singlet quantum states. There is a common belief that resolution to these problems…
The variational approach to Yang-Mills theory in Coulomb gauge is extended to full QCD. For the quark sector we use a trial wave functional, which goes beyond the previously used BCS-type state and which explicitly contains the coupling of…
We derive sum rules involving the spectral density of the stress-energy tensor in N=4 super-Yang-Mills theory and pure Yang-Mills theory. The sum rules come from the hydrodynamic behavior at small momenta and the conformal (in the case of…
We study the electromagnetic on-shell form factor of quarks in massless perturbative QCD. We derive the complete pole part in dimensional regularization at three loops, and extend the resummation of the form factor to the…
Using a proper gauge condition the static spherically symmetric solutions of Einstein-Maxwell equations with charged point source at the center are derived. It is shown that the solutions of the field equations are a three-parameter family…
With appropriate gauge transformations, field can replace electric charge in quarks. Classical quarks, in a necessary non-gauge invariant formulation, are used for illustration, bringing to the fore the limitations of the usual electric…
We study the temperature-dependence of the shear viscosity to entropy density ratio in pure Yang-Mills theory and in QCD with light and strange quarks within kinetic theory in the relaxation time approximation. As effective degrees of…