相关论文: Is it possible to accommodate massive photons in t…
Gauge invariance, a core principle in electrodynamics, has two separate meanings. One concept treats the photon as the gauge particle for electrodynamics. It is based on symmetries of the Lagrangian, and requires no mention of electric or…
Including torsion in the geometric framework of the Weyl-Dirac theory we build up an action integral, and obtain from it a gauge covariant (in the Weyl sense) general relativistic massive electrodynamics. Photons having an arbitrary mass,…
We exploit the fact that, in Minkowski space-time, gamma matrices are possibly more fundamental than the metric to describe how gauge invariance at perturbative level enforces a Lagrangian for spinor electrodynamics with massless photons.…
This paper proves that it is possible to build a Lagrangian for quantum electrodynamics which makes it explicit that the photon mass is eventually set to zero in the physical part on observational ground. Gauge independence is achieved upon…
We show that 4D gauge theories with Green-Schwarz anomaly cancellation and possible generalized Chern-Simons terms admit a formulation that is manifestly covariant with respect to electric/magnetic duality transformations. This generalizes…
We analyze the role played by the gauge invariance for the existence of Dirac monopole. To this end, we consider the electrodynamics with massive photon and ask if the magnetic charge can be introduced there. We show that the derivation of…
The structure of classical electrodynamics based on the variational principle together with causality and space-time homogeneity is analyzed. It is proved that in this case the 4-potentials are defined uniquely. On the other hand, the…
The mathematical logic of a true nature of mirror symmetry expresses, in the case of the Dirac Lagrangian, the ideas of the left- and right-handed photons referring to long- and short-lived particles, respectively. Such a difference in…
A field-theoretical description of the photoproduction of two pions off the nucleon is presented that applies to real as well as virtual photons in the one-photon approximation. The Lorentz-covariant theory is complete at the level of all…
Modifications of the electromagnetic Maxwell Lagrangian in four dimensions have been considered by some authors. One may include an explicit massive term (Proca) and a topological but not Lorentz-invariant term within certain observational…
We study the classical electrodynamics of extended bodies. Currently, there is no self-consistent dynamical theory of such bodies in the literature. Electromagnetic energy-momentum is not conserved in the presence of charge and some…
The structure of classical electrodynamics based on the variational principle together with causality and space-time homogeneity is analyzed. It is proved that in this case the 4-potentials are defined uniquely. On the other hand, the…
Chern-Simons electrodynamics in 2+1-spacetimes with torsion is investigated. We start from the usual Chern-Simons (CS) electrodynamics Lagrangian and Cartan torsion is introduced in the covariant derivative and by a direct coupling of…
We set a generalised non-linear Lagrangian, encompassing Born-Infeld and Heisenberg-Euler theories among others. The Lagrangian reduces to the Maxwell Lagrangian at lowest order. The field is composed by a propagating light-wave in an…
In this note we continue to pursue the question whether gauge theories can be represented in terms of effective "scalar" degrees of freedom. We provide such a consistent representation for a free photon theory in 3+1 dimensions. Building on…
Issuing from a geometry with nonmetricity and torsion we build up a classical theory of gravitation and electromagnetism. The theory is coordinate covariant as well Weyl-gauge covariant. Massless and massive photons, intrinsic electr. and…
We consider the Lee-Wick (LW) finite electrodynamics, i.e., the U(1) gauge theory where a (gauge-invariant) dimension-6 operator containing higher-derivatives is added to the free Lagrangian of the U(1) sector. Three bounds on the LW heavy…
We investigate in detail the problem of constructing magnetic monopole solutions within the finite-range electrodynamics (i.e., electrodynamics with non-zero photon mass, which is the simplest extension of the standard theory; it is fully…
We derive an arbitrary-gauge criterion under which condensed matter within an electromagnetic field may transition to a photon condensed phase. Previous results are recovered by selecting the Coulomb-gauge wherein photon condensation can…
The proof of gauge invariance of the quantum electrodynamics of photons and electrons does not apply directly to the quantum electrodynamics of photons, electrons, and nuclei because multi-electron atoms belong to the space of asymptotic…