相关论文: Number and Entropy of Halo Black Holes
For the universe I use dimensionless entropy $S/k = \ln \Omega$ for which the most convenient unit is the googol ($10^{100}$) and identify all dark matter as black holes whereupon the present entropy is about a thousand googols. While the…
A discussion of the entropy of the universe leads to the suggestion of very many intermediate-mass black holes between thirty and three hundred thousand solar masses in the halo. It is consistent with observations on wide binaries as well…
Observational searches for Intermediate-Mass Black Holes (IMBHs), defined to have masses between 30 and 300,000 solar masses, provide limits which allow up to ten percent of what is presently identified as halo dark matter to be in the form…
In this talk we discuss intermediate mass black holes (IMBHs) by their amplilification of distant sources; MACHO searches have studied event times $2 h \lesssim t_0 \lesssim 2 y$ corresponding masses in the range $10^{-6} M_{\odot} \lesssim…
The dimensionless entropy, ${\cal S} \equiv S/k$, of the visible universe, taken as a sphere of radius 50 billion light years with the Earth at its "center", is discussed. An upper limit ($10^{112}$), and a lower limit ($10^{102}$), for…
While the energy of the universe has been established to be about 0.04 baryons, 0.24 dark matter and 0.72 dark energy, the cosmological entropy is almost entirely, about $(1 - 10^{-15})$, from black holes and only $10^{-15}$ from everything…
Observational searches for Intermediate Mass Black Holes (IMBHs), defined to have masses between 30 and 300,000 solar masses, provide limits which allow up to ten percent of what is presently identified as halo dark matter to be in the form…
Using recent measurements of the supermassive black hole (SMBH) mass function, we find that SMBHs are the largest contributor to the entropy of the observable universe, contributing at least an order of magnitude more entropy than…
The different methods of determination of black holes (BHs) masses are presented for three classes of BHs observed in the Universe: stellar mass BHs, intermediate mass BHs (IMBHs) and supermassive BHs (SBHs). The results of these…
We establish constraints on the mass and abundance of black holes in the Galactic halo by determining their impact on globular clusters which are conventionally considered to be little evolved. Using detailed Monte Carlo simulations and…
What is the average density of a black hole, assuming its spin can prevent it from collapsing into a singularity? For stellar black holes, the average density is incredibly dense and has over a trillion G force and tidal force that will rip…
The question of what is the total entropy of the universe, how it compares to the maximal entropy of de Sitter space, and how it is distributed across the universe's components, bears considerable importance for a number of reasons. Here,…
The entropies of the known entities in the universe add to a total which is some twenty orders of magnitude below the holographic limit. Based on an assumption that the entropies should saturate the limit, we suggest that there exists dark…
Black hole entropy is identified with the counting of the dynamical degrees of freedom of trapped gravitational modes continually sourced by the Hawking-Unruh process. In the context of linear perturbations of Schwarzschild spacetime the…
The entropy of a quantum-statistical system which is classically approximated by a general stationary eternal black hole is studied by means of a microcanonical functional integral. This approach opens the possibility of including…
The quasi-local notion of an isolated horizon is employed to study the entropy of black holes without any particular symmetry in loop quantum gravity. The idea of characterizing the shape of a horizon by a sequence of local areas is…
Standard calculations suggest that the entropy of our universe is dominated by black holes, whose entropy is of order their area in Planck units, although they comprise only a tiny fraction of its total energy. Statistical entropy is the…
We introduce a 'quasi-topological` term [1] in D=1+1 dimensions and the entropy for black holes is calculated [2]. The source of entropy in this case is justified by a non-null stress-energy tensor.
The mathematical simplicity of black holes, combined with their links to some of the most energetic events in the universe, means that black holes are key objects for fundamental physics and astrophysics. Until recently, it was generally…
Cosmological models in which dark matter consists of cold elementary particles predict that the dark halo population should extend to masses many orders of magnitude below those at which galaxies can form. Here we report a cosmological…