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Bekenstein's Tensor-Vector-Scalar (TeVeS) theory has had considerable success in explaining various phenomena without the need for dark matter. However, it is difficult to observationally discern the differences between TeVeS and…

An alternative theory of gravity has recently been proposed by Bekenstein, named Tensor-Vector-Scalar (TeVeS) theory, which can explain many galactic and cosmological observations without the need for dark matter. Whilst this theory passes…

Recently, a relativistic gravitation theory has been proposed [J. D. Bekenstein, Phys. Rev. D {\bf 70}, 083509 (2004)] that gives the Modified Newtonian Dynamics (or MOND) in the weak acceleration regime. The theory is based on three…

TeVeS, a relativistic theory of gravity, was designed to provide a basis for the modified Newtonian dynamics. Since TeVeS differs from general relativity (e.g., it has two metrics, an Einstein metric and a physical metric), black hole…

Over the last few decades, astronomers and cosmologists have accumulated vast amounts of data clearly demonstrating that our current theories of fundamental particles and of gravity are inadequate to explain the observed discrepancy between…

The imminent detection of gravitational waves will trigger precision tests of gravity through observations of quasinormal ringing of black holes. While General Relativity predicts just two polarizations of gravitational waves, the so-called…

I consider an extented version of Bekenstein's Tensor-Vector-Scalar theory where the action of the vector field is of a general Einstein-Ether form. This work presents the cosmological equations of this theory, both at the background and…

We study the gravitomagnetism in the TeVeS theory. We compute the gravitomagnetic field that a slow-moving mass distribution produces in its Newtonian regime. We report that the consistency between the TeVeS gravitomagnetic field and that…

The phenomena customly described with the standard $\Lambda$CDM model are broadly reproduced by an extremely simple model in TeVeS, Bekenstein's (2004) modification of General Relativity motivated by galaxy phenomenology. Our model can…

In order to examine the rotational effect around neutron star in tensor-vector-scalar (TeVeS) theory, we consider the slowly rotating relativistic stars with a uniform angular velocity. As a result, we find that similar to the case in…

A generalization of Bekenstein's Tensor-Vector-Scalar (TeVeS) model of modified gravity has recently been proposed as an alternative to dark matter. This model -- which we will refer to as g-TeVeS -- utilizes a Galileon-induced Vainshtein…

Einstein-bumblebee gravity, as a class of massive non-minimally coupled vector-tensor theories, provides a useful framework for constraining Lorentz symmetry breaking through astrophysical observations, largely due to the existence of exact…

TeVeS uses a dynamical vector field with timelike unit norm constraint to specify a preferred local frame. When matter moves slowly in this frame - the so-called quasi-static regime - Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MoND) results. Theories…

As incarnations of gravity in its prime, black holes are arguably the best target for us to demystify gravity. Keeping in mind the prominent role black holes play in gravitational wave astronomy, it becomes a must for a theory to possess…

A relativistic theory of gravity has recently been proposed by Bekenstein, where gravity is mediated by a tensor, a vector and a scalar field, thus called TeVeS. The theory aims at modifying gravity in such a way as to reproduce Milgrom's…

Aether Scalar-Tensor theory is a modification of general relativity proposed to explain galactic and cosmological mass discrepancies conventionally attributed to dark matter.~The theory is able to fit the cosmic microwave background and the…

The direct detection of gravitational waves opens new perspectives for measuring properties of gravitationally bound compact objects. It is then important to investigate black holes and neutron stars in alternative theories of gravity,…

I revisit cosmological perturbations in Bekenstein's tensor-vector-scalar theory (TeVeS). Considering only scalar modes in the conformal Newtonian gauge, the extra degrees of freedom are expressed in a way suitable for studying…

Among modified gravitational theories, the Tensor-Vector-Scalar (TeVeS) occupies a special place -- it is a covariant theory of gravity that produces the modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) in the nonrelativistic weak field limit and…

The dynamics of TeVeS in a homogeneous and isotropic universe is shown to be equivalent to the dynamics of an interacting two-component system, consisting of a scalar field and a "fluid", related to the matter part, with explicitly given…