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Notions of Darwinian selection have been implicit in economic theory for at least sixty years. Richard Nelson and Sidney Winter have argued that while evolutionary thinking was prevalent in prewar economics, the postwar Neoclassical school…

The future of human computation (HC) benefits from examining tasks that agents already perform and designing environments to give those tasks computational significance. We call this natural human computation (NHC). We consider the possible…

Evolutionary algorithms, inspired by natural evolution, aim to optimize difficult objective functions without computing derivatives. Here we detail the relationship between population genetics and evolutionary optimization and formulate a…

Machine Learning algorithms have been extensively researched throughout the last decade, leading to unprecedented advances in a broad range of applications, such as image classification and reconstruction, object recognition, and text…

Nature is an inhabitant for enormous number of species. All the species do perform complex activities with simple and elegant rules for their survival. The property of emergence of collective behavior is remarkably supporting their…

Many resource allocation tasks are challenging global (i.e., non-convex) optimization problems. The main issue is that the computational complexity of these problems grows exponentially in the number of variables instead of polynomially as…

Nature evolves structures like honeycombs at optimized performance with limited material. These efficient structures can be artificially created with the collaboration of structural topology optimization and additive manufacturing. However,…

Metaheuristics are stochastic optimization algorithms that mimic natural processes to find optimal solutions to complex problems. The success of metaheuristics largely depends on the ability to effectively explore and exploit the search…

In evolutionary algorithms, the fitness of a population increases with time by mutating and recombining individuals and by a biased selection of more fit individuals. The right selection pressure is critical in ensuring sufficient…

Can we allow humans to pick among different, yet reasonably similar, decisions? Are we able to construct optimization problems whose outcome are sets of feasible, close-to-optimal decisions for human users to pick from, instead of a single,…

Problem-solving competence at group level is influenced by the structure of the social networks and so it may shed light on the organization patterns of gregarious animals. Here we use an agent-based model to investigate whether the…

We use ideas from distributed computing to study dynamic environments in which computational nodes, or decision makers, follow adaptive heuristics (Hart 2005), i.e., simple and unsophisticated rules of behavior, e.g., repeatedly "best…

On metrics of density and power efficiency, neuromorphic technologies have the potential to surpass mainstream computing technologies in tasks where real-time functionality, adaptability, and autonomy are essential. While algorithmic…

Starting from the idea that the underlying mechanisms driving the observable processes in nature are algorithmic, we exemplify this in two ways: nature works as a computing machine and thus the processes running on it optimize themselves in…

That science and other domains are now largely data-driven means virtually unlimited opportunities for statisticians. With great power comes responsibility, so it's imperative that statisticians ensure that the methods being developing to…

A common assumption in evolutionary thought is that adaptation drives an increase in biological complexity. However, the rules governing evolution of complexity appear more nuanced. Evolution is deeply connected to learning, where…

The hyperclimbing hypothesis is a hypothetical explanation for adaptation in genetic algorithms with uniform crossover (UGAs). Hyperclimbing is an intuitive, general-purpose, non-local search heuristic applicable to discrete product spaces…

Real-world problems are becoming highly complex and, therefore, have to be solved with combinatorial optimisation (CO) techniques. Motivated by the strong increase of publications on CO, 8,393 articles from this research field are subjected…

Many optimization problems admit a number of local optima, among which there is the global optimum. For these problems, various heuristic optimization methods have been proposed. Comparing the results of these solvers requires the…

Deep learning has achieved remarkable success across many domains, but it has also created a growing demand for interpretability in model predictions. Although many explainable machine learning methods have been proposed, post-hoc…