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This paper presents a human verification scheme in two independent stages to overcome the vulnerabilities of attacks and to enhance security. At the first stage, a hand image-based CAPTCHA (HandCAPTCHA) is tested to avert automated…

Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) provide promising hardware security for IoT authentication, leveraging inherent randomness suitable for resource constrained environments. However, ML/DL modeling attacks threaten PUF security by…

Ocular biometrics in the visible spectrum have emerged as a prominent modality due to their high accuracy, resistance to spoofing, and non-invasive nature. However, morphing attacks, synthetic biometric traits created by blending features…

Adversarial attack is a technique for deceiving Machine Learning (ML) models, which provides a way to evaluate the adversarial robustness. In practice, attack algorithms are artificially selected and tuned by human experts to break a ML…

Fingerprint verification systems are becoming ubiquitous in everyday life. This trend is propelled especially by the proliferation of mobile devices with fingerprint sensors such as smartphones and tablet computers, and fingerprint…

In the empirical study of evolutionary algorithms, the solution quality is evaluated by either the fitness value or approximation error. The latter measures the fitness difference between an approximation solution and the optimal solution.…

Password security has been compelled to evolve in response to the growing computational capabilities of modern systems. However, this evolution has often resulted in increasingly complex security practices that alienate users, leading to…

The choice of password composition policy to enforce on a password-protected system represents a critical security decision, and has been shown to significantly affect the vulnerability of user-chosen passwords to guessing attacks. In…

Practical data assimilation algorithms often contain hyper-parameters, which may arise due to, for instance, the use of certain auxiliary techniques like covariance inflation and localization in an ensemble Kalman filter, the…

The globalization of the electronics supply chain requires effective methods to thwart reverse engineering and IP theft. Logic locking is a promising solution, but there are many open concerns. First, even when applied at a higher level of…

It is essential that all algorithms are exhaustively, somewhat, and intelligently evaluated. Nonetheless, evaluating the effectiveness of optimization algorithms equitably and fairly is not an easy process for various reasons. Choosing and…

Morphing attacks have posed a severe threat to Face Recognition System (FRS). Despite the number of advancements reported in recent works, we note serious open issues such as independent benchmarking, generalizability challenges and…

In order to mitigate the distance reduction attack in Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) ranging, this paper proposes a secure ranging scheme based on a random time-hopping mechanism without redundant signaling overhead. Additionally, a secure ranging…

In most PUF-based authentication schemes, a central server is usually engaged to verify the response of the device's PUF to challenge bit-streams. However, the server availability may be intermittent in practice. To tackle such an issue,…

Reachability analysis is a formal method to guarantee safety of dynamical systems under the influence of uncertainties. A substantial bottleneck of all reachability algorithms is the necessity to adequately tune specific algorithm…

Face morphing attacks have emerged as a potential threat, particularly in automatic border control scenarios. Morphing attacks permit more than one individual to use travel documents that can be used to cross borders using automatic border…

Risk thresholds provide a measure of the level of risk exposure that a society or individual is willing to withstand, ultimately shaping how we determine the safety of technological systems. Against the backdrop of the Cold War, the first…

In this paper, we show that a recently published lightweight adaptation of a Fingerprint matching algorithm called the Minutia Cylinder-Code may not be secure as intruders may be able to illegitimately yet successfully authenticate…

The identity problem today is a data-sharing problem. Today the fixed attributes approach adopted by the consumer identity management industry provides only limited information about an individual, and therefore is of limited value to the…

Many computer-based authentication schemata are based on pass- words. Logging on a computer, reading email, accessing content on a web server are all examples of applications where the identification of the user is usually accomplished…