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Globular Clusters (GCs) exhibit star-to-star variations in specific elements (e.g., He, C, N, O, Na, Al) that bare the hallmark of high temperature H burning. These abundance variations can be observed spectroscopically and also…

We revisit the process of gravitational sedimentation of helium and heavy elements in the intra-cluster medium. We find that helium applies an inward drag force on heavy elements, boosting their sedimentation speed to nearly half its own.…

Variations in chemical abundances with evolutionary phase have been identified among stars in globular and open clusters with a wide range of metallicities. In the metal-poor clusters, these variations compare well with predictions from…

Context. The abundance inhomogeneities of light elements observed in Globular Clusters (GCs), and notably the ubiquitous Na-O anti-correlation, are generally interpreted as evidence that GCs comprise several generations of stars. There is…

The Li-rich turn-off star in the globular cluster NGC 6397 could represent the smoking gun for some very rare episode of Li enrichment in globular clusters. We aim to understand the nature of the Li enrichment by performing a spectroscopic…

In this short communication we consider the possibility that stars less evolved than the polluters are the source of the dilution needed to explain the observed composition of second-generation globular cluster (GC) stars and the Na-O and…

A small fraction of the halo field is made up of stars that share the light element (Z<=13) anomalies characteristic of second generation globular cluster (GC) stars. The ejected stars shed light on the formation of the Galactic halo by…

Stars in globular clusters (GCs) exhibit a peculiar chemical pattern with strong abundance variations in light elements along with a constant abundance in heavy elements. These abundance anomalies can be explained by a primordial pollution…

The spectroscopic and photometric signals of the star-to-star abundance variations found in globular clusters seem to be correlated with global parameters like the cluster's metallicity, mass and age. Understanding this behaviour could…

Ultraviolet spectra of stars recorded by orbiting observatories since the 1970's have revealed absorption features produced by atoms in their favored ionization stages in the neutral ISM of our Galaxy. Most elements show abundances relative…

In the first paper in this series, we proposed a new framework in which to model the chemical evolution of globular clusters. This model, is predicated upon the assumption that clusters form within an interstellar medium enriched locally by…

It is well known that newly formed planetary systems undergo processes of orbital reconfiguration and planetary migration. As a result, planets or protoplanetary objects may accrete onto the central star, being fused and mixed into its…

Previous surveys in a few metal-poor globular clusters (GCs) showed that the determination of abundances for Li and proton-capture elements offers a key tool to address the intracluster pollution scenario. In this Letter, we present Na, O,…

High resolution (R > 40 000) and high S/N spectra have been acquired with UVES on the VLT-Kueyen (Paranal Observatory, ESO Chile) for several main sequence turnoff stars (V ~ 17 mag) and subgiants at the base of the Red Giant Branch (V ~ 16…

Context. Globular clusters are considered key objects for understanding the formation and evolution of the Milky Way. In this sense, their characterisation in terms of their chemical and orbital parameters can provide constraints to the…

In the first part of this paper we revisit the history of theoretical predictions for HB luminosities in old Population II stellar clusters, starting from the results of `old' evolutionary computations to introduce in various steps all the…

It is well-established that the vast majority of metal-poor Galactic halo stars shows evidence for enrichment by solely massive stars. Recent observations have identified more varied behavior in the pattern of elemental abundances measured…

$\lambda$ Bo\"otis stars are a subset of chemically peculiar A-stars that display Solar abundances in lighter elements (C, N, O, S, etc.) but a deficiency in Iron-peak elements. This difference has been attributed to the A-stars accreting…

Globular cluster systems (GCS) frequently show a bi-modal distribution of the cluster integrated colours. This work explores the arguments to support the idea that the same feature is shared by the diffuse stellar population of the galaxy…

We present FLAMES/GIRAFFE spectroscopy obtained at the Very Large Telescope (VLT). Using these observations we have been able for the first time to observe the Li I doublet in the Main Sequence stars of a Globular Cluster. We also observed…