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When modelling stars with masses larger than 1.2Msun with no observed chemical peculiarity, atomic diffusion is often neglected because, on its own, it causes unrealistic surface abundances compared with those observed. The reality is that…

Recently, Li et al. (2016) claimed to have found evidence for multiple generations of stars in the intermediate age clusters NGC 1783, NGC 1696 and NGC 411 in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (LMC/SMC). Here we show that these young…

It is widely accepted that stars do not form in isolation but result from the fragmentation of molecular clouds, which in turn leads to star cluster formation. Over time, clusters dissolve or are destroyed by interactions with molecular…

Abundances of C and N are derived from features due to the CH G-band and to the UV CN band measured on high resolution (R ~ 40,000) UVES spectra of more than 40 dwarfs and subgiants in NGC 6397, NGC 6752 and 47 Tuc. Oxygen abundances (or…

The formation of massive stars and their arrival on the zero-age main-sequence occurs hidden behind dense clouds of gas and dust. In the giant Hii region NGC 3603, the radiation of a young cluster of OB stars has dispersed dust and gas in…

Some globular clusters are observed to host a population of second generation (SG) stars which show chemical anomalies and must have formed from gas containing matter processed in the envelopes of first generation (FG) cluster stars. We…

{\rm Context.} Atomic diffusion is believed to cause the abundance anomalies observed in AmFm stars. However, the detailed process has still not been well-established. For instance, two possible scenarios for the diffusion theory are…

We observed a sample of 90 red giant branch (RGB) stars in NGC 2808 using FLAMES/GIRAFFE and the high resolution grating with the set up HR21. These stars have previous accurate atmospheric parameters and abundances of light elements. We…

I review basic observational features in Population I stars which strongly implicate rotation as a mixing agent; these include dispersion at fixed temperature in coeval populations and main sequence lithium depletion for a range of masses…

Abundance observations indicate the presence of rapid-neutron capture (i.e., r-process) elements in old Galactic halo and globular cluster stars. These observations provide insight into the nature of the earliest generations of stars in the…

Two long-slit spectra of the diffuse ionized gas in NGC 891 are presented. The first reveals variations parallel to the major axis in emission line ratios in the halo gas at z=700 pc. It is found that filaments of Halpha emission show lower…

We present (V,V-I) VLT-FORS1 observations of the Galactic Globular Cluster NGC 6397. We derive accurate color--magnitude diagrams and luminosity functions (LFs) of the cluster Main Sequence (MS) for two fields extending from a region near…

Star clusters are fundamental building blocks of galaxies. Their formation is related to the density and pressure in progenitor molecular clouds and their environmental conditions. To understand better the dynamical processes driving star…

It is suspected that the ultraviolet (UV) upturn phenomenon in elliptical galaxies and extended horizontal-branch stars in globular clusters have a common origin. An extremely high abundance of helium (Y~0.4) allows for a working…

A previous study (Nissen & Schuster 2010) of 94 dwarf stars with -1.6 < [Fe/H] < -0.4 has revealed the existence of two distinct halo populations with a systematic difference in [alpha/Fe] at a given metallicity. In continuation of that…

Using 3D radiation-hydrodynamical simulations, we study the effects of ionising radiation on the formation of second-generation (SG) stars in Globular Clusters (GCs) with multiple stellar populations. In particular, we focus on massive…

The chemical yields of supernovae and the metal enrichment of the hot intra-cluster medium (ICM) are not well understood. This paper introduces the CHEmical Enrichment RGS Sample (CHEERS), which is a sample of 44 bright local giant…

We obtained deep Gemini GMOS-S $g,r$ photometry of the ultra-faint dwarf galaxy candidate Cetus II with the aim of providing stronger constraints on its size, luminosity and stellar population. Cetus II is an important object in the…

Our goal is to determine the stellar and wind properties of seven O stars in the cluster NGC2244 and three O stars in the OB association MonOB2. These properties give us insight into the mass loss rates of O stars, allow us to check the…

[ABRIDGED] We present spectroscopic observations of 466 galaxies in and around a superstructure at $z\sim0.84$ targeted by the VIMOS Spectroscopic Survey of a Supercluster in the COSMOS field (VIS$^{3}$COS). We use [OII]$\lambda$3727,…