组织与器官
The mechanism of atrial fibrillation (AF) is poorly understood, resulting in disappointing success rates of ablative treatment. Different mechanisms defined largely by different atrial activation patterns have been proposed and, arguably,…
Mapping resolution has recently been identified as a key limitation in successfully locating the drivers of atrial fibrillation. Using a simple cellular automata model of atrial fibrillation, we demonstrate a method by which re-entrant…
Swallowing disorders deteriorate significantly the quality of life and can be lifethreatening. Texture modification using shear thinning food thickeners have proven effective in the management of dysphagia. Some studies have recently…
Positron Emission Tomography using 2-[18F]-2deoxy-D-glucose as radiotracer (FDG-PET) is currently one of the most frequently applied functional imaging methods in clinical applications. The interpretation of FDG-PET data requires…
The complexity of mathematical models describing respiratory mechanics has grown in recent years to integrate with cardiovascular models and incorporate nonlinear dynamics. However, additional model complexity has rarely been studied in the…
Motile cilia are a striking example of functional cellular organelle, conserved across all the eukaryotic species. Motile cilia allow swimming of cells and small organisms and transport of liquids across epithelial tissues. Whilst the…
The use of bacteria has been attractive to cancer researchers as drug delivery vehicle because motile bacteria are able to penetrate in tumors. In particular, the combination of therapeutic bacteria and conventional chemotherapy leads to…
The majority of solid tumours arise in epithelia and therefore much research effort has gone into investigating the growth, renewal and regulation of these tissues. Here we review different mathematical and computational approaches that…
The aim of this study was to investigate human erythrocytes as a carrier for targeted drug delivery of primaquine (PQ). The process of PQ loading in human erythrocytes, as well as the effect of PQ loading on the oxidative status of…
Heart transplant patients are followed with periodic right heart catheterizations (RHCs) to identify post-transplant complications and guide treatment. Post-transplant positive outcomes are associated with a steady reduction of right…
Cell extravasation is a crucial step of the metastatic cascade. In this process, the circulating tumor cells inside the blood vessels adhere to the cell monolayer of the blood vessel wall and passes through it, which allows them to invade…
Analyses of individual atherosclerotic plaques are mostly descriptive, relying -- for example -- on histological classification by spectral analysis of ultrasound waves or staining and observing particular cellular components. Such passive…
3-demensional (3D) culture model is a valuable in vitro tool to study liver biology, metabolism, organogenesis, tissue morphology, drug discovery and cell-based assays. Compelling evidence suggests that cells cultured in 3D model exhibit…
Hemostasis and thrombosis are often thought as two sides of the same clotting mechanism whereas hemostasis is a natural protective mechanism to prevent bleeding and thrombosis is a blood clot abnormally formulated inside a blood vessel,…
Plant hormone auxin has critical roles in plant growth, dependent on its heterogeneous distribution in plant tissues. Exactly how auxin transport and developmental processes such as growth coordinate to achieve the precise patterns of auxin…
We review evidence supporting the role of early life programming in the susceptibility for adult neurodegenerative diseases while highlighting questions and proposing avenues for future research to advance our understanding of this…
To sustain metabolism, intracellular ATP concentration must be regulated within an appropriate range. This coordination is achieved through the function of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a cellular "fuel gauge" that is expressed…
We give a very short introduction to discrete and continuum models for the evolutionary and spatial dynamics of cancer through two case studies: a model for the evolutionary dynamics of cancer cells under cytotoxic therapy and a model for…
Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from the existing vessels. During tumour angiogenesis, tumour cells secret a number of chemical substrates called tumour angiogenic factors (TAFs). These factors diffuse through the…
Tumor growth is a complex process characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation and invasion of neighboring tissues. The understanding of these phenomena is of vital importance to establish appropriate diagnosis and therapeutic strategy…