物理与社会
Google employs PageRank to rank web pages, determining the order in which search results are presented to users based on their queries. PageRank is primarily utilized for directed networks, although there are instances where it is also…
Indirect reciprocity is a key explanation for the exceptional magnitude of cooperation among humans. This literature suggests that a large proportion of human cooperation is driven by social norms and individuals' incentives to maintain a…
The diffusion of information plays a crucial role in a society, affecting its economy and the well-being of the population. Characterizing the diffusion process is challenging because it is highly non-stationary and varies with the media…
The bounded confidence model represents a widely adopted framework for modeling opinion dynamics wherein actors have a continuous-valued opinion and interact and approach their positions in the opinion space only if their opinions are…
Cooperation is commonly found in ecological and social systems even when it apparently seems that individuals can benefit from selfish behavior. We investigate how cooperation emerges with the spatial prisoner's dilemma played in a class of…
Robust and credible material flow data are required to support the ongoing efforts to reconcile the economic and social benefits of plastics with their human and environmental health impacts. This study presents a global, but regionalized,…
In this contribution, we construct a connection between two quantum voting models presented previously. We propose to try to determine the result of a vote from associated given opinion polls. We introduce a density operator relative to the…
Many social and biological networks periodically change over time with daily, weekly, and other cycles. Thus motivated, we formulate and analyze susceptible-infectious-susceptible (SIS) epidemic models over temporal networks with periodic…
Income inequality and redistribution policies are modeled with a minimal, endogenous model of a simple foraging economy. Significant income inequalities emerge from the model for populations of equally capable individuals presented with…
Models with several levels of mixing (households, workplaces), as well as various corresponding formulations for R0, have been proposed in the literature. However, little attention has been paid to the impact of the distribution of the…
The evolutionary process that led to the emergence of modern human behaviors during the Middle Stone Age in Africa remains enigmatic. While various hypotheses have been proposed, we offer a new perspective that integrates the variability…
The concept of `proximity-based cities' has gained attention as a new urban organizational model. Most prominently, the 15-minute city contends that cities can function more effectively, equitably and sustainably if essential, everyday…
We derive novel analytic tools for the Bass and SI models on networks for the spreading of innovations and epidemics on networks. We prove that the correlation between the nonadoption (noninfection) probabilities of $L \ge 2$ disjoint…
Core periphery structure represents a meso-scale structure in networks, characterized by a dense interconnection of core nodes and sparse connections among peripheral nodes. In this paper, we introduce an innovative approach for detecting…
By adapting bus routes to users' requests, Demand-Responsive Transit (DRT) can serve low-demand areas more efficiently than conventional fixed-line buses. However, a main barrier to its adoption of DRT is its unpredictability, i.e., it is…
We analyze a disease transmission model that allows individuals to acquire fear and change their behaviour to reduce transmission. Fear is acquired through contact with infected individuals and through the influence of fearful individuals.…
Artificial intelligence (AI) recently had its 'iPhone moment' and adoption has drastically accelerated. Quantum computing appears poised to follow suit over the next years. However, while there has been discourse about how to use AI…
Urbanization is advancing rapidly, covering less than 2% of Earth's surface yet profoundly influencing global environments and experiencing disproportionate impacts from extreme weather events. Effective urban management and planning…
Misinformation about vaccination poses a significant public health threat by reducing vaccination rates and increasing disease burden. Understanding population heterogeneity can aid in recognizing and mitigating the effects of such…
A popular poster from Myanmar lists food pairings that should be avoided, sometimes at all costs. Coconut and honey taken together, for example, are believed to cause nausea, while pork and curdled milk will induce diarrhea. Worst of all,…