物理学史与哲学

History of Neutrino Physics is revied with special emphasis on anecdotal events often neglected.

Bruno Pontecorvo was a great physicist who had enormous impact on the development of neutrino physics. His contribution to neutrino physics is briefly reviewed.Some recollections about his personality are also given.

Duerer's engraving ``MELENCOLIA I'' was circulated in two versions not previously distinguished. Besides their conspicuous early Renaissance scientific instruments and tools, they contain numerous apparently unreported concealments whose…

The inward bound path of discovery unravelling the mysteries of matter and the forces that hold it together has culminated at the end of the twentieth century,in a theory of the Fundamental Forces of Nature based on Nonabelian Gauge Fields,…

Our present Worldview can not be imagined without the seminal ideas of Albert Einstein.

This paper is centered on some historical aspects of nuclear masses, and their relations to major discoveries. Besides nuclear reactions and decays, the heart of mass measurements lies in mass spectrometry, the early history of which will…

Even if Einstein brought major contributions as a founder of quantum mechanics, he remained deeply unsatisfied with the bases of this structure he knew to be so efficient for physics. His critics are often known through his numerous…

The inward bound path of discovery unravelling the mysteries of matter and the forces that hold it together has culminated at the end of the twentieth century in a theory of the Fundamental Forces of Nature based on Nonabelian Gauge Fields,…

In 1927, just after he obtained a full professorship, Enrico Fermi delivered his first course on Theoretical Physics at the Institute of Physics in Rome. The following year Edoardo Amaldi, Emilio Segre' and Ettore Majorana became students…

In this note I shall review the Japan-Italy cooperative work in high energy collider experiments, in particular OPAL at LEP, CDF at Fermilab, ZEUS at HERA and ATLAS at the future LHC.

We first analyze the transdisciplinary model of Reality and its key-concept of "Levels of Reality". We then compare this model with the one elaborated by Werner Heisenberg in 1942.

The availability of a number of databases, in particular the Science Citation Index (SCI), have encouraged the development and use of bibliometric techniques to analyze and evaluate the production and impact of scientists. To avoid pitfalls…

The European quest for the hard paste porcelain lasted until about 1710, when the first production unit was built at Meissen in Saxony. Although, it is generally believed that Bottger discovered the European porcelain technology, this work…

One of us (Y.P.) has shown the existence of a longitudinal component in the propagation of light waves on the basis of the kinematics underlying Poincar\'{e}'s ellipse. We show how this statement agrees with the electromagnetic theory. We…

We comment on a recent paper announcing the discovery of a previously unknown publication of Ettore Majorana on the Thomas-Fermi atomic model. In pointing out that such a publication was not written by Majorana, we correct some…

We give, for the first time, the critical complete text of a manuscript by Ettore Majorana, conserved in the same file of the lecture notes for his course on Theoretical Physics at the University of Naples. He probably refers to a seminar…

The World Year of Physics (2005) is an international celebration to commemorate the one hundredth anniversary of Einstein's "Annus Mirabilis". The United Nations has officially declared 2005 the International Year of Physics. However, the…

Retrospectively, in 1905, Special Relativity seemed palpably close; it was "in the air". But apparently it needed the fresh approach of an unprejudiced newcomer, Einstein, to take the final step. I report, in a pedagogical fashion, on the…

From its very beginning, Quantum Theory developed contrary to the intentions of its creators. For Max Planck it marks the failure of a long-term research program, in which he tried to understand the 2nd law of thermodynamics…

Ettore Majorana proposed an important improvement to the Thomas-Fermi statistical model for atoms, with a communication at the general meeting of the Italian Physical Society, held in Rome, on December 29th, 1928, regularly published on…