地球物理
The lack of low frequency information and a good initial model can seriously affect the success of full waveform inversion (FWI), due to the inherent cycle skipping problem. Computational low frequency extrapolation is in principle the most…
In recent years, Darcy scale transport in porous media was characterized to be Fickian or non-Fickian due to the homogeneity or heterogeneity of the porous medium conductivity layout. Yet, evidence shows that preferential flows that funnel…
The Ilam Formation Cenomanian to Santonian in age is considered one of the main rock reservoirs of the Bangestan Group in the southwest of Iran. This formation mostly consists of carbonate rocks. To examine the sedimentary environment,…
Earthquake forecasting and prediction have long and in some cases sordid histories but recent work has rekindled interest based on advances in early warning, hazard assessment for induced seismicity and successful prediction of laboratory…
Raster well-log images are digital representations of well-logs data generated over the years. Raster digital well logs represent bitmaps of the log image in a rectangular array of black (zeros) and white dots (ones) called pixels. Experts…
Subduction zones transport water into Earth's deep interior through slab subduction. Serpentine minerals, the primary hydration product of ultramafic peridotite, are abundant in most subduction zones. Characterization of their…
When ice forms on lakes, dissolved salts are rejected, which can lead to under-ice salt-finger formation. We performed a series of laboratory experiments to visualize these fingers. While we detected salt-fingers in our camera recordings,…
The earth's surface heat flux is 46$\pm$3 TW (terrawatts, 10$^{12}$ watts). Although many assume we know the earth's abundance and distribution of radioactive heat producing elements (i.e., U, Th, and K), estimates for the mantle's heat…
Frequency-domain simulation of seismic waves plays an important role in seismic inversion, but it remains challenging in large models. The recently proposed physics-informed neural network (PINN), as an effective deep learning method, has…
Noise in seismic data arises from numerous sources and is continually evolving. The use of supervised deep learning procedures for denoising of seismic datasets often results in poor performance: this is due to the lack of noise-free field…
These notes address the mechanics of propagating hydraulic fractures (HF). In the first part, we focus on how different physical mechanisms (dissipation in fluid and solid, fluid storage in fracture and its exchange with permeable rock,…
The Matuyama-Brunhes reversal of Earth's magnetic dipole field took place 0.78 Ma ago, and detailed temporally resolved paleomagnetic data are available for this period. A geomagnetic reversal is expected to impact the cosmic ray flux,…
In the scope of assessing aquifer systems in areas where freshwater is scarce, estimation of transit times is a vital step to quantify the effect of groundwater abstraction. Transit time distributions of different shapes, mean residence…
Earthquake monitoring workflows are designed to detect earthquake signals and to determine source characteristics from continuous waveform data. Recent developments in deep learning seismology have been used to improve tasks within…
Long-term slow-slip events (LSSEs) usually occur on the deep, shallow parts of subducting plates and have substantial relation with adjacent megathrust fault motion. Conventional techniques of quantifying slow earthquake frictional features…
The presence of topography influences the seismic ground motion and may result in strong amplifications, generally at the top of hills and reliefs. The increasing urbanization of hills requires an accurate estimation of these effects even…
During the centennial period from 1900 to 2000, the globally averaged unsigned annual rate of the main geomagnetic field experienced a three-episode variation. The maximum annual rates occurred respectively around 1910-1920, 1940-1950, and…
The Brazilian test has been extremely popular while prompting significant debate. The main source of controversy is rooted in its indirect nature; the material tensile strength is inferred upon assuming that cracking initiates at the centre…
Many wind wave spectrum models provide excellent wave height prediction given the input of wind speed and wave age. Their quantification of the surface roughness, on the other hand, varies considerably. The ocean surface roughness is…
Fast multi-phase processes in methane hydrate-bearing samples are challenging for micro-CT quantitative study because of complex tomographic data analysis involving time-consuming segmentation procedures. This is due to the sample…