大气与海洋物理
Data assimilation of atmospheric observations traditionally relies on variational and Kalman filter methods. Here, an alternative neural-network data assimilation (NNDA) with variational autoencoder (VAE) is proposed. The three-dimensional…
In climate modelling, the reality of simulated flows in the middle atmosphere is largely affected by the model's representation of gravity wave processes that are unresolved, while these processes are usually simplified to facilitate…
Transient luminous events (TLEs) is the collective name given to mesospheric electrical breakdown phenomena occurring in conjunction with strong lightning discharges in tropospheric thunderstorms. They include elves, sprites, haloes and…
The substantial threat of concurrent air pollutants to public health is increasingly severe under climate change. To identify the common drivers and extent of spatio-temporal similarity of PM2.5 and ozone, this paper proposed a log…
We investigate the ocean wave field under Hurricane SAM (2021). Whilst measurements of waves under Tropical Cyclones (TCs) are rare, an unusually large number of quality in situ and remote measurements are available in that case. First, we…
Deposition of giant microplastic particles from the atmosphere has been observed in the most remote places on Earth. However, their deposition patterns are difficult to reproduce using current atmospheric transport models. These models…
Extreme rainfall in the Indian summer monsoon can be destructive and deadly. Although El Ni\~no/ events in the equatorial Pacific make dry days and whole summers more likely throughout India, their influence on daily extremes is not well…
Climate risk assessments must account for a wide range of possible futures, so scientists often use simulations made by numerous global climate models to explore potential changes in regional climates and their impacts. Some of the…
The ISMR profoundly impacts over a billion people across the region. ISMR extremes have been linked to the ENSO and modulated by the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). ISMR of 2022 displayed intriguing spatial patterns: above-normal precipitation…
The energy- and flux budget (EFB) turbulence closure theory for the atmospheric surface layers in convective and stably stratified turbulence has been developed using budget equations for turbulent energies and fluxes in the Boussinesq…
Along the northern coast of Kyushu Island, significant storm surges were unlikely to occur because the strong wind does not blow directly to the coast when typhoons passes. However, during Typhoon Maysak, various areas along the coast…
Tropical cyclone reconnaissance data, such as that of Hurricane Lane, often exhibits discrepancies between flight-level wind measurements and SFMR data, leading to uncertainty in determining peak intensity. In this study, I analyze…
The polarization characteristics of atmospheric scattering are important and should not be ignored in radiative transfer simulations. In this study, a new vector radiative transfer model called the polarized adding method of discrete…
This paper presents the NRL shipboard lidar and the first lidar dataset of underwater bubbles. The meaning of these lidar observations, the algorithms used and their current limitations are discussed. The derivation of the lidar multiple…
Numerical models of the ocean and ice sheets are crucial for understanding and simulating the impact of greenhouse gases on the global climate. Oceanic processes affect phenomena such as hurricanes, extreme precipitation, and droughts.…
Atmosphere modelling applications become increasingly memory-bound due to the inconsistent development rates between processor speeds and memory bandwidth. In this study, we mitigate memory bottlenecks and reduce the computational load of…
Earth system models (ESMs) are the principal tools used in climate science to generate future climate projections under various atmospheric emissions scenarios on a global or regional scale. Generative deep learning approaches are suitable…
Blocking events are an important cause of extreme weather, especially long-lasting blocking events that trap weather systems in place. The duration of blocking events is, however, underestimated in climate models. Explainable Artificial…
Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been successfully applied to earth observation (EO) data and opened new research avenues. Despite the theoretical and practical advances of these techniques, DNNs are still considered black box tools and by…
Scale analysis based on coarse-graining has been proposed recently as an alternative to Fourier analysis. It is now broadly used to analyze energy spectra and energy transfers in eddy-resolving ocean simulations. However, for data from…