大气与海洋物理

Carbon-dioxide (CO2) is the main contributor to anthropogenic global warming, and the timing of its peak concentration in the atmosphere is likely to govern the timing of maximum radiative forcing. It is well-known that dynamics of…

A new method for estimating tropical cyclone track uncertainty is presented and tested. This method uses a neural network to predict a bivariate normal distribution, which serves as an estimate for track uncertainty. We train the network…

A 30-year high-resolution Northwestern Atlantic Ocean Reanalysis (NAOR) is presented. NAOR spans from January 1993 to December 2022 with a 4 km horizontal resolution and 50 vertical layers. It provides enhanced resolution and expands the…

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) and surrounding regions, vital to global energy and water cycles, are profoundly influenced by climate change and anthropogenic activities. Despite widespread attention to vegetation greening across the region since…

Extreme events are the major weather-related hazard for humanity. It is then of crucial importance to have a good understanding of their statistics and to be able to forecast them. However, lack of sufficient data makes their study…

Supercell thunderstorms are the most hazardous thunderstorm category and particularly impactful to society. Their monitoring is challenging and often confined to the radar networks of single countries. By exploiting kilometer-scale climate…

Accurate tropical cyclone (TC) intensity prediction is crucial for mitigating storm hazards, yet its complex dynamics pose challenges to traditional methods. Here, we introduce a Physics-Informed Residual Neural Ordinary Differential…

The growing demand for offshore wind energy has led to a significant increase in wind turbine size and to the development of large-scale wind farms, often comprising 100 to 150 turbines. However, the environmental impact of underwater noise…

Severe convective storms are among the most dangerous weather phenomena and accurate forecasts mitigate their impacts. The recently released suite of AI-based weather models produces medium-range forecasts within seconds, with a skill…

Unstable Periodic Orbits (UPOs) were used to identify regimes, and transitions between regimes, in a reduced-order coupled atmosphere-land spectral model. In this paper we describe how the chaotic attractor of this model was clustered using…

Dynamic downscaling typically involves using numerical weather prediction (NWP) solvers to refine coarse data to higher spatial resolutions. Data-driven models such as FourCastNet have emerged as a promising alternative to the traditional…

Ozone depletion events are recurring phenomena in both polar regions, characterized by significant interannual variability. In this study, the Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) Global Deterministic Prediction System is used to…

In this study, we develop a hybrid operational typhoon forecasting model that integrates the FuXi machine-learning (ML) model with the physics-based Shanghai Typhoon Model (SHTM) into a dual physics-data-driven framework. By employing…

Earth's net radiation, sometimes referred to as net flux, is the balance between incoming and outgoing solar radiation energy from the atmosphere. This study utilised five years of data on tropospheric variables (solar radiation, air…

A correction by a reduction factor O(100) is proposed for previously calculated turbulence values on unresolved convection-overturns induced by general geothermal heating in the deep Western Mediterranean. The correction includes modified…

Recent field campaigns have consistently documented bottom-intensified mixing near the seafloor, suggesting diabatic downwelling in the abyssal ocean. This phenomenon appears to contradict with the mass balance of the abyssal ocean, where…

The density of the Earth's middle and upper atmosphere is an important question in Earth science and is a critical factor in the design, operation, and orbital determination of low Earth orbit spacecraft. In this study, we employ the Earth…

The growth, lifetime, number density, and size of water droplets in warm atmospheric clouds determine the evolution, lifetime and light transmission properties of those clouds. These small-scale cloud properties, in addition to…

Given the interpretability, accuracy, and stability of numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, current operational weather forecasting relies heavily on the NWP approach. In the past two years, the rapid development of Artificial…

Accurate and high-resolution Earth system model (ESM) simulations are essential to assess the ecological and socio-economic impacts of anthropogenic climate change, but are computationally too expensive to be run at sufficiently high…