大气与海洋物理
Over the years, the directional distribution functions of wind-generated wave field have been assumed to be unimodal. While details of various functional forms differ, these directional models suggest that waves of all spectral components…
The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) transports substantial amounts of heat into the North Atlantic sector, and hence is of very high importance in regional climate projections. The AMOC has been observed to show…
Turbulence plays an important part in determining the chemical and physical processes, on both the micro- and macro-scales, whereby clouds are formed and behave. However, exactly how these are linked together and how turbulence impacts each…
Artificial neural-networks have the potential to emulate cloud processes with higher accuracy than the semi-empirical emulators currently used in climate models. However, neural-network models do not intrinsically conserve energy and mass,…
The formation of ice in mixed phase clouds greatly impacts Earths hydrologic cycle. The intensity, distribution and frequency of precipitation as well as radiative properties of clouds in the mid latitudes are strongly influenced by the…
Quantitative estimate of observational uncertainty is an essential ingredient to correctly interpret changes in climatic and environmental variables such as wildfires. In this work we compare four state-of-the-art satellite fire products…
The atmospheric meridional energy transport in the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes is mainly accomplished by planetary and synoptic waves. A decomposition into wave components highlights the strong seasonal dependence of the transport,…
If climate stationarity is dead, how should engineering design standards be modified to account for potential changes in extreme precipitation? Many standards rely on precipitation intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves provided in…
This work presents a novel diagnostic tool for studying the thermodynamics of the climate systems with a wide range of applications, from sensitivity studies to model tuning. It includes a number of modules for assessing the internal energy…
Coastal planners and decision makers design risk management strategies based on hazard projections. However, projections can differ drastically. What causes this divergence and which projection(s) should a decision maker adopt to create…
Knowledge of ocean surface dynamics is crucial for oceanographic and climate research. The satellite-tracked movements of hundreds of drifters deployed by research and voluntary observing vessels provide high-frequency and high-resolution…
Vertically 0.042-m-spaced moored high-resolution temperature sensors are used for detailed internal wave-turbulence monitoring near Texel North Sea and Wadden Sea beaches on calm summer days. In the maximum 2 m deep waters irregular…
Using an intermediate complexity climate model (Planet Simulator), we investigate the so-called Snowball Earth transition. For certain values of the solar constant, the climate system allows two different stable states: one of them is the…
Extreme mesoscale weather, including tropical cyclones, squall lines, and floods, can be enormously damaging and yet challenging to simulate; hence, there is a pressing need for more efficient simulation strategies. Here we present a new…
It is important to be able to calculate the moist-air entropy of the atmosphere with precision. A potential temperature has already been defined from the third law of thermodynamics for this purpose. However, a doubt remains as to whether…
The representations of atmospheric moist convection in general circulation models have been one of the most challenging tasks due to its complexity in physical processes, and the interaction between processes under different time/spatial…
This study presents the first systematic comparison of the (thermo-)dynamics associated with all major tropical wave types causing rainfall modulation over northern tropical Africa: Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO), Equatorial Rossby waves…
In this study, a novel machine learning approach was used to classify three types of synoptic weather events in Taiwan area from 2001 to 2010. We used reanalysis data with three machine learning algorithms to recognize weather systems and…
Here we introduce the artificial intelligence-based cloud distributor (AI-CD) approach to generate two-dimensional (2D) marine low cloud reflectance fields. AI-CD uses a conditional generative adversarial net (cGAN) framework to model…
The highly heterogeneous and biologically active continental shelf-seas are important components of the oceanic carbon sink. Carbon rich water from shelf-seas is exported at depth to the open ocean, a process known as the continental shelf…