大气与海洋物理
An approach is demonstrated for comparing the temperature of the upper atmosphere obtained by ground-based and satellite methods. A method for calibrating ground-based instruments (Fabry-Perot interferometer) based on the data obtained and…
We present an evaluation of airborne Intensity-Modulated Continuous-Wave (IM-CW) lidar measurements of atmospheric column CO2 mole fractions during the ACT-America project. This lidar system transmits online and offline wavelengths…
We report the observation results of the hard radiation flashes which accompanied the lightning discharges above the mountains of Northern Tien Shan. Time series of the counting rate intensity, numerical estimations of absolute flux, and…
There is ongoing interest in the global entropy production rate as a climate diagnostic and predictor, but progress has been limited by ambiguities in its definition; different conceptual boundaries of the climate system give rise to…
Drifters designed to mimic floating marine debris and small patches of pelagic \emph{Sargassum} were satellite tracked in four regions across the North Atlantic. Though subjected to the same initial conditions at each site, the tracks of…
The power spectrum of water optical turbulence is shown to vary with its average temperature $\left\langle T \right\rangle$ and average salinity concentration $\left\langle S \right\rangle$, as well as with light wavelength $\lambda$. This…
Inertial particles (i.e. with mass and of finite size) immersed in a fluid in motion are unable to adapt their velocities to the carrying flow and thus they have been the subject of much interest in fluid mechanics. In this paper we…
Atmospheric circulation is often clustered in so-called circulation regimes, which are persistent and recurrent patterns. For the Euro-Atlantic sector in winter, most studies identify four regimes: the Atlantic Ridge, the Scandinavian…
Neural networks have become increasingly prevalent within the geosciences, although a common limitation of their usage has been a lack of methods to interpret what the networks learn and how they make decisions. As such, neural networks…
The world-wide lockdown in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in year 2020 led to economic slowdown and large reduction of fossil fuel CO2 emissions, but it is unclear how much it would reduce atmospheric CO2 concentration, and whether it…
Remote sensing measurements have been an important data source of ocean surface roughness. Scatterometers operating at moderate and high incidence angles provide information on the Bragg resonance spectral components of the ocean surface…
While cloud-resolving models can explicitly simulate the details of small-scale storm formation and morphology, these details are often ignored by climate models for lack of computational resources. Here, we explore the potential of…
The construction of a building inevitably changes the microclimate in its vicinity. Many city authorities request comprehensive wind studies before granting a building permit, which can be obtained by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)…
Decisions on how to manage future flood risks are frequently informed by both sophisticated and computationally expensive models. This complexity often limits the representation of uncertainties and the consideration of strategies. Here, we…
The main focus of marine oil spill modelling is often on where the oil will end up, i.e., on the horizontal transport. However, due to current shear, wind drag, and the different physical, chemical and biological processes that affect oil…
A simplified climate model based on maximum entropy production, described by a variational principle, is revisited and an analytical solution to its Euler-Lagrange equation is found. Mindful of controversy about maximum or minimum entropy…
Combining ocean model data and in-situ Lagrangian data, I show that an array of surface drifting buoys tracked by a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), such as the Global Drifter Program, could provide estimates of global mean sea…
We analyze the near-surface air temperature response, at three different heights over the ground, recorded by the Williams College expedition under meteorological conditions characterized by cloudy skies during the longest total solar…
This study derives a complete set of equatorially confined wave solutions from an anelastic equation set with the complete Coriolis terms, which include both the vertical and meridional planetary vorticity. The propagation mechanism can…
In recent years extensive studies on the Earth's climate system have been carried out by means of advanced complex network statistics. The great majority of these studies, however, have been focusing on investigating correlation structures…