大气与海洋物理
Lightning flashes are rare albeit hazardous events. Despite this scarcity, generalized additive models (GAMs) succeed in producing a climatology of lightning occurrence for the eastern Alps and surrounding lowlands at an unprecedented…
Characterization of cloud properties remains a challenging task for weather forecasting and climate modelling as cloud properties depend on interdependent natural processes at micro and macro scales. Turbulence plays an important role in…
Arctic icebergs, unconstrained sea ice floes, oil slicks, mangrove drifters, lost cargo containers, and other flotsam are known to move at 2-4% of the prevailing wind velocity relative to the water, despite vast differences in the material…
Using the ERA5 and JRA-55 reanalysis datasets on latitude bands of nearly equal area, we analyze the trend of 200 mbar zonal wind anomalies for the period 1958-2021 as well as annual-mean latitude of the polar jet stream. We find basically…
PySDM is an open-source Python package for simulating the dynamics of particles undergoing condensational and collisional growth, interacting with a fluid flow and subject to chemical composition changes. It is intended to serve as a…
The reliability of ERA5 satellite-based air temperature data is under investigation in this paper. To evaluate this, the ERA5 data will be compared with land-based data obtained from weather stations on the Global Historical Climatology…
In this essay, I outline a personal vision of how I think Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) should evolve in the years leading up to 2030 and hence what it should look like in 2030. By NWP I mean initial-value predictions from timescales…
The terrestrial water cycle links the soil and atmosphere moisture reservoirs through four fluxes: precipitation, evaporation, runoff and atmospheric moisture convergence. Each of these fluxes is essential for human and ecosystem…
Modelling the intermittency of wind speed has got significant relevance on many fields, including wind power generation and distribution. Most of the available modelling techniques assume the temporal fluctuations in the wind is stochastic…
Progress within physical oceanography has been concurrent with the increasing sophistication of tools available for its study. The incorporation of machine learning (ML) techniques offers exciting possibilities for advancing the capacity…
The advent of digital computing in the 1950s sparked a revolution in the science of weather and climate. Meteorology, long based on extrapolating patterns in space and time, gave way to computational methods in a decade of advances in…
The near-bottom mixing that allows abyssal waters to upwell tilts isopycnals and spins up flow over the flanks of mid-ocean ridges. Meso- and large-scale currents along sloping topography are subjected to a delicate balance of Ekman arrest…
Satellite-derived measurements are negatively impacted by cloud cover and surface reflectivity. These biases must be discarded and significantly increase the amount of missing data within remote sensing images. This paper expands the…
It is known that western boundary currents, which encounter a gap in their supporting boundary, assume two dominant steady states: a loop current state and a gap leaping state, and that transitions between these states display hysteresis.…
Boundary layer turbulence in coastal regions differs from that in deep ocean because of bottom interactions. In this paper, we focus on the merging of surface and bottom boundary layers in a finite-depth coastal ocean by numerically solving…
This study aims at introducing two conservative thermodynamic variables (moist-air entropy potential temperature and total water content) into a one-dimensional variational data assimilation system (1D-Var) to demonstrate the benefit for…
A framework is introduced to compare moist `potential' temperatures. The equivalent potential temperature, $\theta_e,$ the liquid water potential temperature, $\theta_\ell,$ and the entropy potential temperature, $\theta_s$, are all shown…
The global ocean overturning circulation, critically dependent on the global density stratification, plays a central role in regulating climate evolution. While it is well-known that the global stratification profile exhibits a strong…
The nonlinear propagation of internal gravity waves in the weakly ionized, incompressible Earth's ionosphere is studied using the fluid theory approach. Previous theory in the literature is advanced by the effects of the terrestrial…
Climate models are generally calibrated manually by comparing selected climate statistics, such as the global top-of-atmosphere energy balance, to observations. The manual tuning only targets a limited subset of observational data and…