EChO 的科学目标
地球与行星天体物理
2015-12-09 v1
摘要
近2000颗系外行星的发现揭示了一个出乎意料的多样化行星群体。迄今为止的观测表明，我们的太阳系绝对不是银河系中行星总体的代表。因此，迫切需要解决的关键科学问题是：系外行星由什么构成？行星为何如此？与太阳系相比，是什么导致了观测到的非凡多样性？EChO（系外行星表征观测台，Exoplanet Characterisation Observatory）被设计为一个专门的巡天任务，用于凌星和掩食光谱学，能够在其四年任务寿命内观测大量多样的行星样本。EChO 可以瞄准超级地球、类海王星和类木星行星的大气，这些行星位于 F 到 M 型宿主星的极热至温带区域（行星温度 300K-3000K）。在未来十年，几个新的地基和天基凌星巡天将上线（例如 NGTS、CHEOPS、TESS、PLATO），它们将专门聚焦于寻找明亮、邻近的系统。当前快速的发现速率将允许在 EChO 发射前的几年中进一步优化目标列表，并实现数百颗行星的大气表征。将卫星置于 L2 点提供了一个寒冷且稳定的热环境，以及较大的视场，以便对天空中随机分布的目标进行高效的时间关键观测。1米级望远镜足够大以达到必要的光谱测光精度。得益于其高稳定性和专用设计，EChO 将实现的光谱覆盖（0.5-11 微米，目标 16 微米）和信噪比（SNR）将能够对数百颗系外行星的大气成分和结构进行非常精确的测量。
引用
@article{arxiv.1502.05747,
title = {The EChO science case},
author = {Giovanna Tinetti and Pierre Drossart and Paul Eccleston and Paul Hartogh and Kate Isaak and Martin Linder and Christophe Lovis and Giusi Micela and Marc Ollivier and Ludovic Puig and Ignasi Ribas and Ignas Snellen and Bruce Swinyard. France Allard and Joanna Barstow and James Cho and Athena Coustenis and Charles Cockell and Alexandre Correia and Leen Decin and Remco de Kok and Pieter Deroo and Therese Encrenaz and Francois Forget and Alistair Glasse and Caitlin Griffith and Tristan Guillot and Tommi Koskinen and Helmut Lammer and Jeremy Leconte and Pierre Maxted and Ingo Mueller-Wodarg and Richard Nelson and Chris North and Enric Pallé and Isabella Pagano and Guseppe Piccioni and David Pinfield and Franck Selsis and Alessandro Sozzetti and Lars Stixrude and Jonathan Tennyson and Diego Turrini and Mariarosa Zapatero-Osorio. Jean-Philippe Beaulieu and Denis Grodent and Manuel Guedel and David Luz and Hans Ulrik Nørgaard-Nielsen and Tom Ray and Hans Rickman and Avri Selig and Mark Swain. Marek Banaszkiewicz and Mike Barlow and Neil Bowles and Graziella Branduardi-Raymont and Vincent Coudé du Foresto and Jean-Claude Gerard and Laurent Gizon and Allan Hornstrup and Christopher Jarchow and Franz Kerschbaum and Géza Kovacs and Pierre-Olivier Lagage and Tanya Lim and Mercedes Lopez-Morales and Giuseppe Malaguti and Emanuele Pace and Enzo Pascale and Bart Vandenbussche and Gillian Wright and Gonzalo Ramos Zapata. Alberto Adriani and Ruymán Azzollini and Ana Balado and Ian Bryson and Raymond Burston and Josep Colomé and Vincent Coudé du Foresto and Martin Crook and Anna Di Giorgio and Matt Griffin and Ruud Hoogeveen and Roland Ottensamer and Ranah Irshad and Kevin Middleton and Gianluca Morgante and Frederic Pinsard and Mirek Rataj and Jean-Michel Reess and Giorgio Savini and Jan-Rutger Schrader and Richard Stamper and Berend Winter. L. Abe and M. Abreu and N. Achilleos and P. Ade and V. Adybekian and L. Affer and C. Agnor and M. Agundez and C. Alard and J. Alcala and C. Allende Prieto and F. J. Alonso Floriano and F. Altieri and C. A. Alvarez Iglesias and P. Amado and A. Andersen and A. Aylward and C. Baffa and G. Bakos and P. Ballerini and M. Banaszkiewicz and R. J. Barber and D. Barrado and E. J. Barton and V. Batista and G. Bellucci and J. A. Belmonte Avilés and D. Berry and B. Bézard and D. Biondi and M. Błęcka and I. Boisse and B. Bonfond and P. Bordé and P. Börner and H. Bouy and L. Brown and L. Buchhave and J. Budaj and A. Bulgarelli and M. Burleigh and A. Cabral and M. T. Capria and A. Cassan and C. Cavarroc and C. Cecchi-Pestellini and R. Cerulli and J. Chadney and S. Chamberlain and S. Charnoz and N. Christian Jessen and A. Ciaravella and A. Claret and R. Claudi and A. Coates and R. Cole and A. Collura and D. Cordier and E. Covino and C. Danielski and M. Damasso and H. J. Deeg and E. Delgado-Mena and C. Del Vecchio and O. Demangeon and A. De Sio and J. De Wit and M. Dobrijévic and P. Doel and C. Dominic and E. Dorfi and S. Eales and C. Eiroa and M. Espinoza Contreras and M. Esposito and V. Eymet and N. Fabrizio and M. Fernández and B. Femenía Castella and P. Figueira and G. Filacchione and L. Fletcher and M. Focardi and S. Fossey and P. Fouqué and J. Frith and M. Galand and L. Gambicorti and P. Gaulme and R. J. García López and A. Garcia-Piquer and W. Gear and J. -C. Gerard and L. Gesa and E. Giani and F. Gianotti and M. Gillon and E. Giro and M. Giuranna and H. Gomez and I. Gomez-Leal and J. Gonzalez Hernandez and B. González Merino and R. Graczyk and D. Grassi and J. Guardia and P. Guio and J. Gustin and P. Hargrave and J. Haigh and E. Hébrard and U. Heiter and R. L. Heredero and E. Herrero and F. Hersant and D. Heyrovsky and M. Hollis and B. Hubert and R. Hueso and G. Israelian and N. Iro and P. Irwin and S. Jacquemoud and G. Jones and H. Jones and K. Justtanont and T. Kehoe and F. Kerschbaum and E. Kerins and P. Kervella and D. Kipping and T. Koskinen and N. Krupp and O. Lahav and B. Laken and N. Lanza and E. Lellouch and G. Leto and J. Licandro Goldaracena and C. Lithgow-Bertelloni and S. J. Liu and U. Lo Cicero and N. Lodieu and P. Lognonné and M. Lopez-Puertas and M. A. Lopez-Valverde and I. Lundgaard Rasmussen and A. Luntzer and P. Machado and C. MacTavish and A. Maggio and J. -P. Maillard and W. Magnes and J. Maldonado and U. Mall and J. -B. Marquette and P. Mauskopf and F. Massi and A. -S. Maurin and A. Medvedev and C. Michaut and P. Miles-Paez and M. Montalto and P. Montañés Rodríguez and M. Monteiro and D. Montes and H. Morais and J. C. Morales and M. Morales-Calderón and G. Morello and A. Moro Martín and J. Moses and A. Moya Bedon and F. Murgas Alcaino and E. Oliva and G. Orton and F. Palla and M. Pancrazzi and E. Pantin and V. Parmentier and H. Parviainen and K. Y. Peña Ramírez and J. Peralta and S. Perez-Hoyos and R. Petrov and S. Pezzuto and R. Pietrzak and E. Pilat-Lohinger and N. Piskunov and R. Prinja and L. Prisinzano and I. Polichtchouk and E. Poretti and A. Radioti and A. A. Ramos and T. Rank-Lüftinger and P. Read and K. Readorn and R. Rebolo López and J. Rebordão and M. Rengel and L. Rezac and M. Rocchetto and F. Rodler and V. J. Sánchez Béjar and A. Sanchez Lavega and E. Sanromá and N. Santos and J. Sanz Forcada and G. Scandariato and F. -X. Schmider and A. Scholz and S. Scuderi and J. Sethenadh and S. Shore and A. Showman and B. Sicardy and P. Sitek and A. Smith and L. Soret and S. Sousa and A. Stiepen and M. Stolarski and G. Strazzulla and H. M Tabernero and P. Tanga and M. Tecsa and J. Temple and L. Terenzi and M. Tessenyi and L. Testi and S. Thompson and H. Thrastarson and B. W. Tingley and M. Trifoglio and J. Martín Torres and A. Tozzi and D. Turrini and R. Varley and F. Vakili and M. de Val-Borro and M. L. Valdivieso and O. Venot and E. Villaver and S. Vinatier and S. Viti and I. Waldmann and D. Waltham and D. Ward-Thompson and R. Waters and C. Watkins and D. Watson and P. Wawer and A. Wawrzaszk and G. White and T. Widemann and W. Winek and T. Wiśniowski and R. Yelle and Y. Yung and S. N. Yurchenko},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1502.05747},
year = {2015}
}
备注
50 pages, 30 figures. Experimental Astronomy