English

Subrings of $\mathbb{C}$ Generated by Angles

Rings and Algebras 2021-07-27 v1

Abstract

Consider the following inductively defined set. Given a collection UU of unit magnitude complex numbers, and a set initially containing just 0 and 1, through each point in the set, draw lines whose angles with the real axis are in UU. Add every intersection of such lines to the set. Upon taking the closure, we obtain R(U)R(U). We investigated for which UU, R(U)R(U) is a ring. Our main result holds for when 1U1 \in U and U4|U| \ge 4. If PP is the set of real numbers in R(U)R(U) generated in the second step of the construction, then R(U)R(U) equals the module over Z[P]\mathbb{Z}[P] generated by the set of points made in the first step of the construction. This lets us show that whenever the pairwise products of points made in the first step remain inside R(U)R(U), it is closed under multiplication, and is thus a ring.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1601.00207,
  title  = {Subrings of $\mathbb{C}$ Generated by Angles},
  author = {Juniper Bahr and Arielle Roth},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1601.00207},
  year   = {2021}
}

Comments

15 pages, 5 figures

R2 v1 2026-06-22T12:21:44.595Z