Planck、Swift 和 Fermi 对 X 射线和伽马射线选耀变体的同步观测
摘要
我们展示了 105 个耀变体的同步 Planck、Swift、Fermi 和地面数据，这些耀变体属于三个在软 X 射线、硬 X 射线和伽马射线波段具有流量限值的样本。我们独特的数据集使我们能够证明选择方法强烈影响结果，产生不可忽视的偏差。几乎所有 BL Lac 天体都被 Fermi-LAT 探测到，而射电、软 X 射线和硬 X 射线选样本中约 40% 的平谱射电类星体 (FSRQ) 即使在整合了 27 个月的 Fermi-LAT 数据后仍低于伽马射线探测限。耀变体从射电到亚毫米的谱斜率在约 70GHz 以下相当平坦，在此之上则变陡至 <α>~-0.65。在较高频率上，BL Lac 的谱比 FSRQ 显著更平坦。所有耀变体样本中 FSRQ 的 SED 中静止系同步峰频率 (ν_p^S) 的分布相同，<ν_p^S>=10^13.1 Hz，而平均逆康普顿峰频率 <ν_p^IC> 的范围从 10^21 到 10^22 Hz。BL Lac 的 ν_p^S 和 ν_p^IC 分布比 FSRQ 更宽，并移向更高能量，且强烈依赖于选择方法。耀变体的康普顿主导度范围从约 0.2 到约 100，只有 FSRQ 达到 >3 的值。其分布很宽，且强烈依赖于选择方法，伽马射线选耀变体峰值在约 7 或更高，而射电选耀变体峰值在约 1，这意味着耀变体功率由高能发射主导的假设是一种选择效应。简单的 SSC 模型无法解释所有样本中大多数伽马射线探测到的耀变体的 SED。未被 Fermi-LAT 探测到的耀变体的 SED 反而可能与 SSC 发射一致。我们的数据挑战了耀变体序列所预测的辐射光度与 ν_p^S 之间的相关性。
引用
@article{arxiv.1108.1114,
title = {Simultaneous Planck, Swift, and Fermi observations of X-ray and gamma-ray selected blazars},
author = {P. Giommi and G. Polenta and A. Lahteenmaki and D. J. Thompson and M. Capalbi and S. Cutini and D. Gasparrini and J. Gonzalez-Nuevo and J. Leon-Tavares and M. Lopez-Caniego and M. N. Mazziotta and C. Monte and M. Perri and S. Raino and G. Tosti and A. Tramacere and F. Verrecchia and H. D. Aller and M. F. Aller and E. Angelakis and D. Bastieri and A. Berdyugin and A. Bonaldi and L. Bonavera and C. Burigana and D. N. Burrows and S. Buson and E. Cavazzuti and G. Chincarini and S. Colafrancesco and L. Costamante and F. Cuttaia and F. D'Ammando and G. de Zotti and M. Frailis and L. Fuhrmann and S. Galeotta and F. Gargano and N. Gehrels and N. Giglietto and F. Giordano and M. Giroletti and E. Keihanen and O. King and T. P. Krichbaum and A. Lasenby and N. Lavonen and C. R. Lawrence and C. Leto and E. Lindfors and N. Mandolesi and M. Massardi and W. Max-Moerbeck and P. F. Michelson and M. Mingaliev and P. Natoli and I. Nestoras and E. Nieppola and K. Nilsson and B. Partridge and V. Pavlidou and T. J. Pearson and P. Procopio and J. P. Rachen and A. Readhead and R. Reeves and A. Reimer and R. Reinthal and S. Ricciardi and J. Richards and D. Riquelme and J. Saarinen and A. Sajina and M. Sandri and P. Savolainen and A. Sievers and A. Sillanpaa and Y. Sotnikova and M. Stevenson and G. Tagliaferri and L. Takalo and J. Tammi and D. Tavagnacco and L. Terenzi and L. Toffolatti and M. Tornikoski and C. Trigilio and M. Turunen and G. Umana and H. Ungerechts and F. Villa and J. Wu and A. Zacchei and J. A. Zensus and X. Zhou},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1108.1114},
year = {2012}
}
备注
Version accepted by A&A. Joint Planck, Swift, and Fermi collaborations paper