探测强核相互作用的核心
核实验
2020-10-28 v2 核理论
摘要
核子（质子与中子）之间的强核相互作用是将原子核束缚在一起的有效力。该力源于夸克与胶子（核子的组成成分）之间的基本相互作用，由量子色动力学 (QCD) 方程描述。然而，由于这些方程无法直接求解，物理学家转而使用有效模型来描述核相互作用，这些模型在原子核中典型的核子间距离下受到良好约束，但在更短距离下则不然。这限制了我们描述高密度核物质（如中子星核心）的能力。在此，我们利用高能电子散射测量来分离处于短距离、高动量构型中的核子对，从而进入此前实验未曾探索的、对应相对动量高于 400 MeV/c 的运动学区域。随着两个核子间相对动量的增大及其间距的减小，我们观测到从依赖于自旋的张量力到主要独立于自旋的标量力的转变。这些结果证明了利用此类测量研究短距离核相互作用的能力，并支持使用具有二体与三体有效相互作用的点状核子来描述密度数倍于原子核中心密度的核系统。
引用
@article{arxiv.2004.11221,
title = {Probing the core of the strong nuclear interaction},
author = {A. Schmidt and J. R. Pybus and R. Weiss and E. P. Segarra and A. Hrnjic and A. Denniston and O. Hen and E. Piasetzky and L. B. Weinstein and N. Barnea and M. Strikman and A. Larionov and D. Higinbotham and S. Adhikari and M. Amaryan and G. Angelini and G. Asryan and H. Atac and H. Avakian and C. Ayerbe Gayoso and L. Baashen and L. Barion and M. Bashkanov and M. Battaglieri and A. Beck and I. Bedlinskiy and F. Benmokhtar and A. Bianconi and A. S. Biselli and F. Bossu and S. Biarinov and W. J. Briscoe and W. Brooks and V. D. Burkert and F. Cao and D. S. Carman and J. C. Carvajal and A. Celentano and P. Chatagnon and T. Chetry and G. Ciullo and L. Clark and E. Cohen and P. L. Cole and M. Contalbrigo and V. Crede and R. Cruz-Torres and A. D'Angelo and N. Dashyan and R. De Vita and E. De Sanctis and M. Defurne and A. Deur and S. Diehl and C. Djalali and M. Duer and M. Dugger and R. Dupre and H. Egiyan and M. Ehrhart and A. El Alaoui and L. El Fassi and P. Eugenio and A. Filippi and T. A. Forest and G. Gavalian and S. Gilad and G. P. Gilfoyle and K. L. Giovanetti and F. X. Girod and C. Giuseppe and D. I. Glazier and E. Golovatch and R. W. Gothe and K. A. Griffioen and L. Guo and K. Hafidi and H. Hakobyan and C. Hanretty and N. Harrison and M. Hattawy and F. Hauenstein and T. B. Hayward and K. Hicks and M. Holtrop and Y. Ilieva and I. Illari and D. Ireland and B. S. Ishkanov and E. L. Isupov and D. Jenkins and H. S. Jo and K. Joo and D. Keller and M. Khachatryan and A. Khanal and M. Khandaker and C. W. Kim and W. Kim and F. J. Klein and I. Korover and V. Kubarovsky and L. Lanza and M. Leali and P. Lenisa and I. J. D. MacGregor and D. Marchand and N. Markov and L. Marsicano and V. Mascagna and S. May-Tal Beck and B. McKinnon and M. Mirazita and V. Mokeev and C. Munoz Camacho and B. Mustapha and P. Nadel-Turonski and S. Nanda and S. Niccolai and G. Niculescu and M. Osipenko and A. I. Ostrovidov and M. Paolone and L. L. Pappalardo and R. Paremuzyan and K. Park and E. Pasyuk and M. Patsyuk and W. Phelps and O. Pogorelko and J. W. Price and Y. Prok and D. Protopopescu and M. Ripani and D. Riser and A. Rizzo and G. Rosner and P. Rossi and F. Sabatie and C. Salgado and B. Schmookler and R. A. Schumacher and Y. G. Sharabian and U. Shrestha and Iu. Skorodumina and D. Sokhan and O. Soto and N. Sparveris and S. Stepanyan and I. I. Strakovsky and S. Strauch and J. A. Tan and N. Tyler and M. Ungaro and L. Venturelli and H. Voskanyan and E. Voutier and R. Wang and D. P. Watts and X. Wei and M. H. Wood and N. Zachariou and J. Zhang and Z. W. Zhao and X. Zheng},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2004.11221},
year = {2020}
}
备注
Total 26 pages, 13 figures. Main text: 8 pages, 3 figures. Methods section: 6 pages. Extended Data: 8 figures, 1 table. Supplementary Materials: 8 pages, 2 figures