利用 IceCube 在多角度尺度上观测银河宇宙线到达方向各向异性
高能天体物理现象
2011-09-22 v4
摘要
在 2009 年 5 月至 2010 年 5 月期间，位于南极的 IceCube 中微子探测器记录了 320 亿个由宇宙线产生的空气簇射中的 μ 子，这些宇宙线的中值能量为 20 TeV。拥有如此规模的数据集，便有可能在宇宙线到达方向分布的所有角度尺度上探测南天空的千分之一量级的各向异性。通过对南半球宇宙线通量的相对强度图进行功率谱分析，我们表明到达方向分布并非各向同性，而是在多个角度尺度上显示出显著的结构。除了先前报道的强偶极和四极形式的大尺度结构外，数据还显示了 15 度到 30 度之间的小尺度结构。天图展示了若干宇宙线强度显著超出和不足的局部区域。较小尺度结构的相对强度大约比偶极和四极结构弱五倍。最显著的结构是一个局部超出，位于赤经 122.4 度、赤纬 -47.4 度，在赤经方向延伸至少 20 度，其试后显著性为 5.3 σ。这种各向异性的起源尚不清楚。
引用
@article{arxiv.1105.2326,
title = {Observation of Anisotropy in the Arrival Directions of Galactic Cosmic Rays at Multiple Angular Scales with IceCube},
author = {IceCube Collaboration and R. Abbasi and Y. Abdou and T. Abu-Zayyad and J. Adams and J. A. Aguilar and M. Ahlers and D. Altmann and K. Andeen and J. Auffenberg and X. Bai and M. Baker and S. W. Barwick and R. Bay and J. L. Bazo Alba and K. Beattie and J. J. Beatty and S. Bechet and J. K. Becker and K. -H. Becker and M. L. Benabderrahmane and S. BenZvi and J. Berdermann and P. Berghaus and D. Berley and E. Bernardini and D. Bertrand and D. Z. Besson and D. Bindig and M. Bissok and E. Blaufuss and J. Blumenthal and D. J. Boersma and C. Bohm and D. Bose and S. Böser and O. Botner and A. M. Brown and S. Buitink and K. S. Caballero-Mora and M. Carson and D. Chirkin and B. Christy and J. Clem and F. Clevermann and S. Cohen and C. Colnard and D. F. Cowen and M. V. D'Agostino and M. Danninger and J. Daughhetee and J. C. Davis and C. De Clercq and L. Demirörs and T. Denger and O. Depaepe and F. Descamps and P. Desiati and G. de Vries-Uiterweerd and T. DeYoung and J. C. Díaz-Vélez and M. Dierckxsens and J. Dreyer and J. P. Dumm and R. Ehrlich and J. Eisch and R. W. Ellsworth and O. Engdegård and S. Euler and P. A. Evenson and O. Fadiran and A. R. Fazely and A. Fedynitch and J. Feintzeig and T. Feusels and K. Filimonov and C. Finley and T. Fischer-Wasels and M. M. Foerster and B. D. Fox and A. Franckowiak and R. Franke and T. K. Gaisser and J. Gallagher and L. Gerhardt and L. Gladstone and T. Glüsenkamp and A. Goldschmidt and J. A. Goodman and D. Gora and D. Grant and T. Griesel and A. Groß and S. Grullon and M. Gurtner and C. Ha and A. Hajismail and A. Hallgren and F. Halzen and K. Han and K. Hanson and D. Heinen and K. Helbing and P. Herquet and S. Hickford and G. C. Hill and K. D. Hoffman and A. Homeier and K. Hoshina and D. Hubert and W. Huelsnitz and J. -P. Hülß and P. O. Hulth and K. Hultqvist and S. Hussain and A. Ishihara and J. Jacobsen and G. S. Japaridze and H. Johansson and J. M. Joseph and K. -H. Kampert and A. Kappes and T. Karg and A. Karle and P. Kenny and J. Kiryluk and F. Kislat and S. R. Klein and J. -H. Köhne and G. Kohnen and H. Kolanoski and L. Köpke and S. Kopper and D. J. Koskinen and M. Kowalski and T. Kowarik and M. Krasberg and T. Krings and G. Kroll and N. Kurahashi and T. Kuwabara and M. Labare and S. Lafebre and K. Laihem and H. Landsman and M. J. Larson and R. Lauer and J. Lünemann and B. Madajczyk and J. Madsen and P. Majumdar and A. Marotta and R. Maruyama and K. Mase and H. S. Matis and K. Meagher and M. Merck and P. Mészáros and T. Meures and E. Middell and N. Milke and J. Miller and T. Montaruli and R. Morse and S. M. Movit and R. Nahnhauer and J. W. Nam and U. Naumann and P. Nießen and D. R. Nygren and S. Odrowski and A. Olivas and M. Olivo and A. O'Murchadha and M. Ono and S. Panknin and L. Paul and C. Pérez de los Heros and J. Petrovic and A. Piegsa and D. Pieloth and R. Porrata and J. Posselt and C. C. Price and P. B. Price and G. T. Przybylski and K. Rawlins and P. Redl and E. Resconi and W. Rhode and M. Ribordy and A. Rizzo and J. P. Rodrigues and P. Roth and F. Rothmaier and C. Rott and T. Ruhe and D. Rutledge and B. Ruzybayev and D. Ryckbosch and H. -G. Sander and M. Santander and S. Sarkar and K. Schatto and T. Schmidt and A. Schönwald and A. Schukraft and A. Schultes and O. Schulz and M. Schunck and D. Seckel and B. Semburg and S. H. Seo and Y. Sestayo and S. Seunarine and A. Silvestri and A. Slipak and G. M. Spiczak and C. Spiering and M. Stamatikos and T. Stanev and G. Stephens and T. Stezelberger and R. G. Stokstad and A. Stössl and S. Stoyanov and E. A. Strahler and T. Straszheim and M. Stür and G. W. Sullivan and Q. Swillens and H. Taavola and I. Taboada and A. Tamburro and A. Tepe and S. Ter-Antonyan and S. Tilav and P. A. Toale and S. Toscano and D. Tosi and D. Turčan and N. van Eijndhoven and J. Vandenbroucke and A. Van Overloop and J. van Santen and M. Vehring and M. Voge and C. Walck and T. Waldenmaier and M. Wallraff and M. Walter and Ch. Weaver and C. Wendt and S. Westerhoff and N. Whitehorn and K. Wiebe and C. H. Wiebusch and D. R. Williams and R. Wischnewski and H. Wissing and M. Wolf and T. R. Wood and K. Woschnagg and C. Xu and X. W. Xu and G. Yodh and S. Yoshida and P. Zarzhitsky and M. Zoll},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1105.2326},
year = {2011}
}
备注
Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal