使缺失可见：参考框架和提示在识别缺失信息中的作用
摘要
解释数据或支持决策的交互式系统常强调已有信息，忽视应在但缺失的信息。这种现有偏见限制了用户形成数据集或情境完整心理模型的能力。检测缺失信息取决于对应有信息的期望，而界面却很少帮助用户形成此类期望。我们 presented an experimental study examining how reference framing and prompting influence people's ability to recognize expected but missing categories in datasets. Participants compared distributions across three domains (energy, wealth, and regime) under two reference conditions: Global, presenting a unified population baseline, and Partial, showing several concrete exemplars. Results indicate that absence detection was higher with Partial reference than with Global reference, suggesting that partial, samples-based framing can support expectation formation and absence detection. When participants were prompted to look for what was missing, absence detection rose sharply. We discuss implications for interactive user interfaces and expectation-based visualization design, while considering cognitive trade-offs of reference structures and guided attention.
引用
@article{arxiv.2601.07234,
title = {Making Absence Visible: The Roles of Reference and Prompting in Recognizing Missing Information},
author = {Hagit Ben Shoshan and Joel Lanir and Pavel Goldstein and Osnat Mokryn},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2601.07234},
year = {2026}
}