横向飞行焦点激光喇叭加速离子

高强度激光等离子体相互作用中产生的极端电场能够远远优于传统加速器紧凑的方式产生高能离子。尽管如此，激光等离子体加速器过去二十年里始终停滞在每核离子能量为100 MeV左右。中心挑战是离子电荷质量比例较低，这阻止了最成功用于电子的方法:激光喇叭加速。 Here we show that a laser pulse with a focal spot that moves transverse to the laser propagation direction enables wakefield acceleration of ions to GeV energies in underdense plasma. Three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations demonstrate that this relativistic-intensity "transverse flying focus" can trap ions in a comoving electrostatic pocket, producing a monoenergetic collimated ion beam. With a peak intensity of 10^{20}\,W/cm^2 and an acceleration distance of 0.44\,cm, we observe a proton beam with 23.1\,pC charge, 1.6\,GeV peak energy, and 3.7\,% relative energy spread. This approach allows for compact high-repetition-rate production of high-energy ions, highlighting the capability of more generalized spatio-temporal pulse shaping to address open problems in plasma physics.